Indice de carga glicemica de alimentos comunes

Ranking: 20%
Confirma que los alimentos más cercanos a nuestra alimentación como homínidos sigue siendo los que más nos convienen desde todo punto de vista, incluyendo la carga glicémica.
Este índice glucémico y de carga glicémica de alimentos que se consumen comúnmente, se irá traduciendo, completando y mejorando con el tiempo.


INDICE GLICEMICO DE ALIMENTOS COMUNES

Cereales
Copos de maíz	83
Crema de Trigo	66
Copos con azúcar	55
Uvas pasas	67
Muesli, natural	54
Nutri-grano	66
Salvado de Pasa	73
Harina de trigo	67
Frutas
manzana	38
albaricoques	57
plátano	56
Mamón, papaya	65
cerezas	22
Dátiles	103
Toronja, pomelo	25
uvas	46
kiwi	52
mango	55
naranja	43
papaya	58
melocotón	42
pera	58
Piña, ananá	66
Ciruelas	39
Ciruelas pasas	15
Bocados
Tableta de chocolate	49
croissant	67
rosquilla	76
galleta de harina de avena	57
pizza, queso y tomate	60
palomitas de maíz,	55
patatas fritas	56
Barras de cereales	58
galletas tostadas con sal	83
galletas de mantecada	64
Barra de Snikers	41
mermelada de fresa	51
obleas de vainilla	77
Cereales
cebada	25
basmati, arroz blanco	58
Couscous / cuscús	65
harina de maíz	68
mijo	71
Azúcares
fructosa	22
miel	62
Maltosa	105
Pastas
queso tortellini	50
fettucini	32
linguini	50
macarrones	46
spaghetti, hervido 5 minutos	33
spaghetti, hervido 15 minutos	44
fideos	35
Sopas/Verduras
Remolachas enlatadas	64
sopa de alubia negra	64
zanahorias, hervidas	49
caramelo de maíz	56
sopa de guisante verde,	66
guisante verde, congelado	47
chirivías	97
guisantes, frescos, hervidos	48
sopa de tomate	38
Bebidas
jugo de manzana	40
colas	65
Gatorade	78
jugo de pomelo	48
jugo de naranja	46
jugo de ananás	46
Productos de Leche
leche de chocolate	35
natillas	43
Helado de crema	60
leche desnatada	32
leche de soja	31
tofú	115
leche entera	30
Yogur con frutas	36
Yogur natural	14
Alubias
horneadas	44
alubias negras, hervidas	30
porotos manteca, hervidos	33
alubias de cannellini	31
garbanzo, hervido	34
porotos, hervidos	29
Porotos enlatados	52
lentejas, verdes y marrones	30
poroto pinto, hervido	39
lentejas rojas, hervidas	27
soja, hervida	16
Panes
bagel, simple	72
Baguette	95
croissant	67
Hamburguesa	61
Bollos
manzana	44
arándano	59
avena y pasa	54
pita	57
Pizza con queso	60
pan negro de centeno	49
pan fermentado	54
centeno	64
blanco	70
trigo	68
Raíces
patatas fritas	75
Papas hervidas	59
Puré de papas	70
Batatas	54

INDICE INTERNACIONAL DE CARGA GLICEMICA

TABLA INTERNACIONAL REVISADA DE íNDICE GLICéMICO Y CARGA GLICéMICA
Alimentos	Indice Glicémico cada 100 gramos	Porción en gramos	Carga Glicémica por porción
PRODUCTOS HORNEADOS
Tortas
Torta Angel food (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada)	67	50	19
Tarta de banana con azúcar	47±8	80	18
Tarta de banana sin azúcar	55±10	80	16
Torta de chocolate	38±3	111	20
Cupcake, strawberry-iced	73±12	38	19
Lamingtons (sponge dipped in chocolate and coconut)	87±17	50	25
Pound cake (Sara Lee Canada, Bramalea, Canada)	54	53	15
Sponge cake, solo	46±6	63	17
Torta de Vainilla (Betty Crocker)	42±4	111	24
Croissant (media lunas)	67	57	17
Crumpet	69	50	13
Doughnut, cake type	76	47	17
Flan cake	65	70	31
Muffins
de manzana con azúcar	44±6	60	13
de manzana sin azúcar	48±10	60	9
de manzana, avena,pasas	54±4	50	14
Damasco, coconut and honey, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia)	60±4	50	16
Banana, avena y miel (Defiance Milling Co.)	65±11	50	17
Avena tipo Bran (Culinar Inc., Grandma Martin's Muffins)	60	57	15
Blueberry (Culinar Inc.)	59	57	17
Carrot (Culinar Inc., Canada)	62	57	20
Chocolate butterscotch, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia)	53±5	50	15
de maiz bajo en amilosa	102	57	30
de maiz con alta amilosa	49
Oatmeal, muffin, made from mix (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada, Peterborough, Canada)	69	50	24
Pancakes, prepared from shake mix (Green's General Foods, Glendenning, NSW, Australia)	67±5	80	39
Pancakes, buckwheat, gluten-free, made from packet mix (Orgran Natural Foods,	102±11	77	22
Carrum Downs, Vic, Australia)
Pastry	59±6	57	15
Pikelets, Golden brand (Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)	85±14	40	18
Scones, simple, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia)	92±8	25	8
Waffles, Aunt Jemima (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada)	76	35	10
BEBIDAS
Coca Cola ®
Coca Cola ® (Australia)	53±7	250	14
Coca Cola ® , (Atlanta, GA, USA)	63	250	16
promedio entre ambas	58±5
de naranja reconstituida (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia)	66±8	250	13
Fanta ® Australia	68±6	250	23
Lucozade ® , original (sparkling glucose drink) (Glaxo Wellcome Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK)	95±10	250	40
Smoothie, raspberry (Con Agra Inc., Omaha, NE, USA)	33±9	250	14
Smoothie drink, soy, banana (So Natural Foods, Tarren Point, NSW, Australia) 6	30±3	250	7
Smoothie drink, soy, chocolate hazelnut (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6	34±3	250	8
Solo TM, lemon squash, soft drink (Cadbury Schweppes, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	58±5	250	17
Up & Go, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6	43±5	250	11
(Sanitarium Health Foods, Berkeley Vale, NSW, Australia)
Up & Go, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6	46±5	250	11
(Sanitarium Health Foods, Australia)
Xpress, chocolate (soy bean, cereal and legume extract drink with fructose) 6	39±2	250	13
(So Natural Foods, Australia)
Jugos
Jugo de Manzana
Jugo de manzana, puro, unsweetened, reconstituted (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia)	39±5
Jugo de manzana, unsweetened	40
Jugo de manzana, unsweetened (Allens, Toronto, Canada)	41
mean of three studies	40±1	250	12
Jugo de manzana, puro, claro, sin azúcar (Wild About Fruit, Wandin, Vic, Australia)	44±2	250	13
Jugo de manzana, puro, cloudy, sin azúcar (Wild About Fruit, Australia)	37±3	250	10
Apple and cherry juice, puro, sin azúcar (Wild About Fruit, Australia)	43±3	250	14
Carrot juice, freshly made (Sydney, Australia) 6	43±3	250	10
Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray ® , Melbourne, Vic, Australia)	52±3	250	16
Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray ® Inc., Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, USA)	68±3	250	24
Cranberry juice drink, Ocean Spray ® (Gerber Ltd., Bridgewater, Somerset, UK)	56±4	250	16
Grapefruit juice, unsweetened (Sunpac, Toronto, Canada)	48	250	11
Jugo de Naranja
Orange Juice (Canada)	46±6
Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted (Quelch ® , Berri Ltd., Carlton, Vic, Australia)	53±6
promedio de dos estudios	50±4	250	13
Pineapple juice, unsweetened (Dole Packaged Foods, Toronto, Canada)	46	250	16
Tomato juice, enlatado, no added sugar (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia) 6	38±4	250	4
Yakult ® , fermented milk drink with Lactobacilus casei (Yakult, Dandenong, Vic, Australia)	46±6	65	6
Bebidas Deportivas
Gatorade ® (Spring Valley Beverages Pty Ltd., Cheltenham, Vic, Australia)	78±13	250	12
Isostar ® (Novartis Consumer Health, Nyon, Switzerland)	70±15	250	13
Sports Plus ® (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia)	74±6	250	13
Sustagen Sport ® (Mead Johnson, Rydalmere, NSW, Australia)	43±9	250	21
Bebidas hechas de mezclas
Build-Up TM nutrient-fortified drink, vanilla with fiber, (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	41±4	250	14
Complete Hot Chocolate mix made with hot water (Nestlé, Australia)	51±3	250	11
Hi-Pro energy drink mix, vanilla, containing soy protein and whey powder	36±3	250	7
(Harrod foods, Sefton, NSW, Australia) mixed in reduced-fat (1.5%) cow's milk
Malted milk powder in full-fat cow's milk (Nestlé, Australia)	45±3	250	12
Milo TM (chocolate nutrient-fortified drink powder)
Milo TM (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in water	55±3	250	9
Milo TM (Nestlé, Auckland, Nueva Zelanda) dissolved in water	52±5	250	9
promedio de dos estudios	54±2
Milo TM (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in full-fat cow's milk	35±2	250	9
Milo TM (Nestlé, Nueva Zelanda) dissolved in full-fat cow's milk	36±3	250	9
promedio de dos estudios	36±1
Nutrimeal TM, meal replacement drink, Dutch Chocolate (Usana, Salt Lake City, UT, USA)	26±3	250	4
Quik TM (sweet drink powder)
Quik TM, chocolate (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia), dissolved in water	53±5	250	4
Quik TM, chocolate (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in 1.5% fat milk	41±4	250	5
Quik TM, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in water	64±8	250	5
Quik TM, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in 1.5% fat milk	35±3	250	4
Panes
Bagel, blanco, frozen (Lender's Bakery, Montreal, Canada)	72	70	25
Baguette, blanco, plain (France)	95±15	30	15
French baguette with chocolate spread (France)	72±8	70	27
French baguette with butter and strawberry jam (France)	62±7	70	26
Pain au lait (Pasquier, France)	63±10	60	20
Bread stuffing, Paxo (Campbell Soup Co Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	74	30	16
Barley Breads
Coarse barley kernel bread, 75-80% kernels
75% kernels	27	30	5
80% scalded intact kernels (20% white wheat flour)	34	30	7
80% intact kernels (20% white wheat flour)	40	30	8
mean of three studies	34±4
Barley kernel bread, 50% kernels
50% kernels (Canada)	43	30	9
50% kibbled barley (Australia)	48	30	10
promedio de dos estudios	46±2	30	9
Sunflower and barley bread (Riga bakeries, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	57±6	30	6
Barley flour breads
100% barley flour (Canada); (rye bread composition)	67	30	9
Wholemeal barley flour (80%) bread (20% white wheat flour) (Sweden)	67	30	13
Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft	50	30	7
(50% regular barley flour, 50% high-fibre barley flour) (Sweden)
Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft	43	30	5
(20% regular barley flour, 80% high-fibre barley flour) (Sweden)
Wholemeal barley flour (80%) and white wheat flour (20%) breads -
fermented or with added organic acids or salts (Sweden)
Wholemeal barley flour bread (used as reference for the 5 breads below) 5	70	30	14
Wholemeal barley flour bread with sourdough (lactic acid) 5	53	30	10
Wholemeal barley flour bread with lactic acid 5	66	30	12
Wholemeal barley flour bread with calcium lactate 5	59	30	12
Wholemeal barley flour bread with sodium propionate 5	65	30	13
Wholemeal barley flour bread with higher dose sodium propionate 5	57	30	11
Buckwheat bread
Buckwheat bread, 50% dehusked buckwheat groats and 50% white wheat flour (Sweden)	47	30	10
Fruit Breads
Bürgen TM Fruit loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)	44±5	30	6
Fruit and Spice Loaf, thick sliced (Buttercup bakeries, Moorebank, NSW, Australia)	54±6	30	8
Continental fruit loaf, wheat bread with dried fruit (Australia)	47±6	30	7
Happiness TM (cinnamon, raisin, pecan bread) (Natural Ovens, Manitowoc, WI, USA)	63±5	30	9
Muesli bread, made from packet mix in bread making machine (Con Agra Inc., USA)	54±6	30	7
Hamburger bun (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada)	61	30	9
Kaiser rolls (Loblaw's, Canada)	73	30	12
Melba toast, Old London (Best Foods Canada Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)	70	30	16
Pan sin Gluten
Gluten-free multigrain bread (Country Life Bakeries, Dandenong, Vic, Australia)	79±13	30	10
Gluten-free white bread, unsliced (gluten-free wheat starch) (UK)	71	30	11
Gluten-free white bread, sliced (gluten-free wheat starch) (UK)	80	30	12
promedio de dos estudios	76±5	30	11
Gluten-free fiber-enriched, unsliced (gluten-free wheat starch, soya bran) (UK)	69	30	9
Gluten-free fiber-enriched, sliced (gluten-free wheat starch, soya bran) (UK)	76	30	10
promedio de dos estudios	73±4	30	9
Oat Bread
Coarse oat kernel bread, 80% intact oat kernels and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)	65	30	12
Oat bran bread
50% oat bran (Australia)	44	30	8
45% oat bran and 50% wheat flour (Sweden)	50	30	9
promedio de dos estudios	47±3	30	9
Rice bread
Rice bread, low-amylose Calrose rice (Pav's Allergy Bakery, Ingleburn, NSW, Australia)	72±9	30	8
Rice bread, high-amylose Doongara rice (Pav's Allergy Bakery, Australia)	61±9	30	7
Rye Bread
Rye kernel (pumpernickel) bread
Coarse rye kernel bread, 80% intact kernels and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)	41	30	5
Rye kernel bread (Pumpernickel) (Canada)	41	30	5
Wholegrain pumpernickel (Holtzheuser Brothers Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	46	30	5
Rye kernel bread, Pumpernickel (80% kernels) (Canada)	55	30	7
Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products, Toronto, Canada)	55	30	7
Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products, Canada)	62	30	8
promedio de seis estudios	50±4	30	6
Wholemeal rye bread
Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	41
Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	62
Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	63
Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	66
promedio de cuatro estudios	58±6	30	8
Specialty rye breads
Blackbread, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	76±14	30	10
Bürgen TM Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	55±12
Bürgen TM Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	74±6
promedio de dos estudios	65±10	30	7
Klosterbrot wholemeal rye bread (Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada)	67	30	9
Light rye (Silverstein's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)	68	30	10
Linseed rye (Rudolph's Specialty Bakery Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	55	30	7
Roggenbrot, Vogel's (Stevns & Co, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	59±5	30	8
Schinkenbrot, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	86±15	30	12
Sourdough rye (Canada)	57
Sourdough rye (Australia)	48
promedio de dos estudios	53±5	30	6
Volkornbrot, wholemeal rye bread (Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada)	56	30	7
Wheat Breads
Coarse wheat kernel bread, 80% intact kernels and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)	52	30	10
Cracked wheat kernel (bulgur) bread
50% cracked wheat kernel (Canada)	58	30	12
75% cracked wheat kernels (Canada)	48	30	10
promedio de dos estudios	53±3	30	11
Spelt wheat breads
White spelt wheat bread 9 (Slovenia)	74	30	17
Wholemeal spelt wheat bread 9 (Slovenia)	63	30	12
Scalded spelt wheat kernel bread 9 (Slovenia)	67	30	15
Spelt multigrain bread ® (Pav's bakery, Australia)	54±10	30	7
White wheat flour bread
White flour (Canada)	69±5	30	10
White flour (USA)	70	30	10
White flour, Sunblest TM (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	70	30	10
White flour (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Canada)	71	30	10
White flour (South Africa)	71±7	30	9
White flour (Canada)	71	30	10
promedio de seis estudios	70±0	30	10
White wheat flour bread, hard, toasted (Italian)	73	30	11
Wonder TM, enriched white bread (Interstate Brands Companies, Kansas City, MO, USA)	71±9
Wonder TM, enriched white bread (Interstate Brands Companies, USA)	72±4
Wonder TM, enriched white bread (Interstate Brands Companies, USA)	77±3
mean of three studies	73±2	30	10
White Turkish bread (Turkey)	87	30	15
White bread with enzyme inhibitors
White bread + acarbose (200mg) (Mexico)	18	30	3
White bread + acarbose (200mg) (Mexico)	50	30	8
mean in two groups of subjects	34±16	30	6
White bread roll + 3 mg trestatin (pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitor) (Switzerland) 5	48	30	6
White bread roll + 6 mg trestatin (Switzerland) 5	29	30	4
White bread with soluble fiber
White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium) (Mexico)	41	30	7
White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium) (Mexico)	65	30	11
mean in two groups of subjects	53±12	30	9
White bread eaten with vinegar as vinaigrette (Sweden)	45	30	7
White bread eaten with powdered dried seaweed (Nori alga) (Spain)	48	30	7
White bread containing Eurylon ® high-amylose maize starch (France) 12	42	30	8
White fiber-enriched bread
Blanco, high-fiber (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Canada)	67
Blanco, high-fiber (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)	69
promedio de dos estudios	68±1	30	9
White resistant starch-enriched bread
Fibre White TM (Nature's Fresh, Auckland, Nueva Zelanda)	77±10	30	11
Wonderwhite TM (Buttercup Bakeries, Australia)	80±8	30	11
Wholemeal (whole wheat) wheat flour bread
Wholemeal flour (Canada)	52	30	6
Wholemeal flour (Canada)	64	30	8
Wholemeal flour (Canada)	65	30	8
Wholemeal flour (Canada)	67	30	8
Wholemeal flour (Canada)	67	30	8
Wholemeal flour (Canada)	69	30	8
Wholemeal flour (Canada)	71	30	8
Wholemeal flour (Canada)	72±6	30	8
Wholemeal flour (USA) 5	73	30	10
Wholemeal flour (South Africa)	75±9	30	9
Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	77±9	30	9
Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	78±16	30	9
Wholemeal flour (Kenya)	87	30	11
mean of thirteen studies	71± 2	30	9
Wholemeal Turkish bread	49	30	8
Specialty wheat breads
Bürgen ® Mixed Grain bread (Australia)
Bürgen ® Mixed Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)	34±4
Bürgen ® Mixed Grain	45±12
Bürgen ® Mixed Grain	69±6
mean of three studies	49±10	30	6
Bürgen ® Oat Bran & Honey Loaf with Barley (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	31±3	30	3
Bürgen ® Soy-Lin, kibbled soy (8%) and linseed (8%) loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	36±4	30	3
English Muffin TM bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	77±7	30	11
Healthy Choice TM Hearty 7 Grain (Con Agra Inc., USA)	55±6	30	8
Healthy Choice TM Hearty 100% Whole Grain (Con Agra Inc., USA)	62±6	30	9
Helga's TM Classic Seed Loaf (Quality Bakers, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	68±9	30	9
Helga's TM traditional wholemeal bread (Quality Bakers, Australia)	70±14	30	9
Hunger Filler TM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	59±8	30	7
Molenberg TM (Goodman Fielder, Auckland, Nueva Zelanda)	75±10
Molenberg TM (Goodman Fielder, Nueva Zelanda)	84±8
promedio de dos estudios	80±5	30	11
9-Grain Multi-Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	43±5	30	6
Multigrain Loaf, spelt wheat flour (Australia)	54±10	30	8
Multigrain (50% kibbled wheat grain) (Australia)	43	30	6
Nutty Natural TM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	59±7	30	7
Performax TM (Country Life Bakeries, Dandenong, Vic, Australia)	38±3	30	5
Ploughman's TM Wholegrain, original recipe (Quality Bakers, Australia)	47	30	7
Ploughman's TM Wholemeal, smooth milled (Quality Bakers, Australia)	64±10	30	9
Semolina Bread (Kenya)	64
Sourdough wheat (Australia)	54	30	8
Soy & Linseed bread (made from packet mix in bread maker) (Con Agra Inc., USA)	50±6	30	5
Stay Trim TM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	70±10	30	10
Sunflower & Barley bread, Riga brand (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Australia)	57±6	30	7
Vogel's Honey & Oats (Stevns & Co., Sydney, NSW, Australia)	55±5	30	7
Vogel's Roggenbrot (Stevns & Co., Australia)	59±5	30	8
Whole-wheat snack bread (Ryvita Co Ltd., Poole, Dorset, UK)	74	30	16
100% Whole Grain TM bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	51±11	30	7
White wheat flour flatbread (Sweden)	79	30	13
Unleavened Breads
Lebanese bread, white (Seda Bakery, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	75±9	30	12
Middle Eastern flatbread	97±29	30	15
Pita bread, white (Canada)	57	30	10
Wheat flour flatbread (India)	66±9	30	10
Amaranth : wheat (25:75) composite flour flatbread (India)	66±10	30	10
Amaranth : wheat (50:50) composite flour flatbread (India)	76±20	30	11
BREAKFAST CEREALS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
All-Bran TM (high-fiber, extruded wheat bran cereal)
All-Bran TM (Kellogg's, Pagewood, NSW, Australia) 13	30	30	4
All-Bran TM (Kellogg's, Battle Creek, MI, USA)	38	30	9
All-Bran TM (Kellogg's Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)	50	30	9
All-Bran TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)	51±5	30	9
promedio de cuatro estudios	42±5
All-Bran Fruit 'n Oats TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	39	30	7
All-Bran Soy 'n Fibre TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	33±3	30	4
Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped,	97±19	30	18
eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener (India)
Barley porridge
Wholemeal barley flour porridge (100% regular barley)	68	50 (seca)	23
(flour:water = 1:3), hervido 2.5 min (Sweden)
Wholemeal high-fibre barley flour porridge	55	50 (seca)	8
(50% regular barley flour: 50% high-fibre barley flour) (Sweden)
Barley porridge made from steamed thin (0.5 mm) dehulled barley flakes (Sweden)	62	50 (seca)	17
Barley porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm) dehulled barley flakes (Sweden)	65	50 (seca)	18
Bran Buds TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 15	58	30	7
Bran Buds with psyllium (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 15	47	30	6
Bran Chex TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 15	58	30	11
Bran Flakes TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	74	30	13
Cheerios TM (General Mills Inc., Etobicoke, Canada) 15	74	30	15
Chocapic TM (Nestlé, France)	84±9	30	21
Coco Pops TM (cocoa flavoured puffed rice)
Coco Pops TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±8
Coco Pops TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±3
promedio de dos estudios	77	30	20
Corn Bran TM (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada, Peterborough, Canada) 15	75	30	15
Corn Chex TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15	83	30	21
Cornflakes TM
Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's, Auckland, Nueva Zelanda)	72±16	30	18
Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77	30	20
Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)	80±6	30	21
Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)	86	30	22
Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's, USA) 5	92	30	24
mean of five studies	81±3	30	21
Cornflakes, high-fiber (Presidents Choice, Sunfresh Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 15	74	30	17
Cornflakes, Crunchy Nut TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	72±4	30	17
Corn Pops TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	80±4	30	21
Cream of Wheat TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15	66	250	17
Cream of Wheat TM, Instant (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15	74	250	22
Crispix TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 15	87	30	22
Energy Mix TM (Quaker, France)	80±7	30	19
Froot Loops TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	69±9	30	18
Frosties TM, sugar-coated cornflakes (Kellogg's, Australia)	55	30	15
Fruitful Lite TM (Hubbards, Auckland, Nueva Zelanda)	61±20	30	12
Fruity-Bix TM, berry (Sanitarium, Auckland, Nueva Zelanda)	113±10	30	25
Golden Grahams TM (General Mills Inc., Canada) 15	71	30	18
Golden Wheats TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	71±8	30	16
Grapenuts TM
Grapenuts TM (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc., Toronto, Canada) 15	67	30	13
Grapenuts TM (Kraft Foods Inc., Port Chester, NY, USA)	75±6	30	16
promedio de dos estudios	71±4	30	15
Grapenuts TM Flakes (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc., Canada) 15	80	30	17
Guardian TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	37±9	30	5
Healthwise TM for bowel health (Uncle Toby's, Wahgunyah, Vic, Australia)	66±9	30	12
Healthwise TM for heart health (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	48±5	30	9
Honey Rice Bubbles TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±4	30	20
Honey Smacks TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	71±10	30	16
Hot cereal, apple & cinnamon (Con Agra Inc., USA)	37±6	30	8
Hot cereal, unflavoured (Con Agra Inc., USA)	25±5	30	5
Just Right TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	60±15	30	13
Just Right Just Grains TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	62±11	30	14
Komplete TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	48±5	30	10
Life TM (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 15	66	30	16
Mini Wheats TM, whole wheat (Kellogg's, Australia)	58±8	30	12
Mini Wheats TM, blackcurrant (Kellogg's, Australia)	72±10	30	15
Muesli
Muesli, NS (Canada)	66±9	30	16
Alpen Muesli (Wheetabix, France)	55±10	30	10
Muesli, gluten-free (Freedom Foods, Cheltenham, Vic, Australia) with 1.5% fat milk	39±6	30	7
Muesli, Lite (Sanitarium, Nueva Zelanda)	54±12	30	10
Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, Nueva Zelanda)	57±9	30	11
Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, Australia)	40±6	30	8
promedio de dos estudios	49±9	30	10
Muesli, No Name (Sunfresh Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 15	60	30	11
Muesli, Swiss Formula (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	56±8	30	9
Muesli, toasted (Purina, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	43+4	30	7
Nutrigrain TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	66±12	30	10
Oat 'n Honey Bake TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±11	30	13
Oat bran
Oat bran, raw (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 15	50	10	2
Oat bran, raw	59	10	3
promedio de dos estudios	55±5	10	3
Porridge made from rolled oats
Porridge (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 13	42	250	9
Porridge (Canada) 16	49±8	250	11
Traditional porridge oats (Lowan Whole Foods, Box Hill, Vic, Australia)	51±8	250	11
Porridge (Hubbards, Nueva Zelanda)	58±9	250	12
Porridge (Australia)	58±4	250	12
Porridge (Canada)	62	250	14
Porridge (Canada)	69	250	16
Porridge (USA) 6	75	250	17
mean of eight studies	58±4	250	13
Wholemeal oat flour porridge (flour:water = 1:3), hervido 2.5 min (Sweden)	74	50 (seca)	24
Oat porridge made from thick (1.0 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)	55	250	15
Oat porridge made from roasted thin (0.5 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)	69	250	19
Oat porridge made from roasted thick (1.0 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)	50	250	14
Oat porridge made from roasted and steamed thin (0.5 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)	80	250	22
Oat porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)	53	250	14
Instant Porridge
Quick Oats (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)	65
One Minute Oats (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 15	66
promedio de dos estudios	66±1	250	17
Pop Tarts TM, Double Chocolate (Kellogg's, Australia)	70±2	50	25
Pro Stars TM (General Mills Inc., Canada) 15	71	30	17
Puffed Wheat
Puffed Wheat (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 15	67	30	13
Puffed Wheat (Sanitarium, Australia)	80±11	30	17
promedio de dos estudios	74±7	30	16
Raisin Bran TM (Kellogg's, USA)	61±5	30	12
Red River Cereal (Maple Leaf Mills, Toronto, Canada)	49	30	11
Rice Bran, extruded (Rice Growers Co-Operative Ltd., Leeton, NSW, Australia)	19±3	30	2
Rice Bubbles TM (puffed rice)
Rice Bubbles TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 13	81
Rice Bubbles TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	85±3
Rice Bubbles TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	95
mean of three studies	87±4	30	22
Rice Chex TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15	89	30	23
Rice Krispies TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 15	82	30	21
Shredded Wheat		30	22
Shredded Wheat (Canada)	67±10	30	13
Shredded Wheat TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15	83	30	17
promedio de dos estudios	75±8	30	15
Special K TM - formulation of this cereal varies in different countries
Special K TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	54±4	30	11
Special K TM (Kellogg's, USA)	69±5	30	14
Special K TM (Kellogg's, France)	84±12	30	20
Soy Tasty TM (flaked grains, soy nuts, dried fruit) (Sanitarium, Australia)	60±5	30	12
Soytana TM, Vogel's, soy and linseed bran crunch with sultanas (20.1 g fiber per 100 g),	49±3	45	12
(Specialty Cereals, Mt Kuring-gai, NSW, Australia)
Sultana Bran TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	73±13	30	14
Sustain TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 13	68	30	15
Team TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15	82	30	17
Thank Goodness TM (Hubbards, Nueva Zelanda)	65±18	30	15
Total TM (General Mills Inc., Canada) 15	76	30	17
Ultra-bran TM, Vogel's, soy and linseed extruded wheat bran cereal (30.2 g fiber per 100 g)	41±4	30	5
(Specialty Cereals, Australia)
Wheat-bites TM (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	72±11	30	18
Wheat biscuits (plain flaked wheat)
Vita-Brits TM (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 13	61	30	12
Vita-Brits TM (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	68±6	30	13
Weet-Bix TM (Sanitarium, Australia)	69	30	12
Weet-Bix TM (Sanitarium, Australia)	69±4	30	12
Weetabix TM (Weetabix of Canada Ltd., Thornhill, Canada) 15	74	30	16
Weetabix TM (Weetabix of Canada Ltd.)	75±10	30	16
Whole wheat Goldies TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	70±4	30	14
mean of seven studies	70±2	30	13
Wheat biscuits (flaked wheat) with additional ingredients
Good Start TM, muesli wheat biscuits (Sanitarium, Australia)	68±4	30	14
Hi-Bran Weet-Bix TM, wheat biscuits with extra wheat bran (Sanitarium, Australia)	61±4	30	10
Hi-Bran Weet-Bix TM with soy and linseed (Sanitarium, Australia)	57±3	30	9
Honey Goldies TM (Kellogg's Australia)	72±3	30	15
Lite-Bix TM, simple, no added sugar (Sanitarium, Australia)	70±3	30	14
Oat bran Weet-Bix TM (Sanitarium, Australia)	57±4	30	11
Sultana Goldies TM (Kellogg's Australia)	65±6	30	13
BREAKFAST CEREAL BARS
Crunchy Nut Cornflakes TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	72±6	30	19
Fibre Plus TM bar (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	78±9	30	18
Fruity-Bix TM bar, fruit and nut, wheat biscuit cereal with dried fruit and nuts	56±4	30	10
with yoghurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia)
Fruity-Bix TM bar, wild berry, wheat biscuit cereal with fruit and covered with	51±4	30	9
yoghurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia)
K-Time Just Right TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	72±4	30	17
K-Time Strawberry Crunch TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±5	30	19
Rice Bubble Treat TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	63±11	30	15
Sustain TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	57±10	30	14
CEREAL GRAINS
Amaranth
Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped,	97±19	30	21
eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener (India)
Barley
Pearl Barley
Cebada, pearled (Canada)	22
Barley (Canada)	22
Cebada, pot, hervido in salted water 20 min (Gouda's foods, Concord, Canada)	25±2
Barley (Canada)	27
Cebada, pearled (Canada)	29
mean of five studies	25±1	150	11
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India)	37
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India)	48
mean of two groups of subjects	43±6	150	26
Cebada, cracked (Malthouth, Tunisia)	50	150	21
Cebada, arrollada (Australia)	66±5	50 (seca)	25
trigo sarraceno
trigo sarraceno (Canada)	49
trigo sarraceno (Canada)	51±10
trigo sarraceno (Canada)	63
mean of three studies	54±4	150	16
Buckwheat groats, hydrothermally treated, dehusked, hervido 12 min (Sweden)	45	150	13
Corn/Maize
Maiz (Zea Mays), chapatti hecho de harina (India)	59
Maize meal porridge/gruel (Kenya)	109
Harina de maiz
Harina de maiz, hervida en agua salada 2 min (McNair Products Co. Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	68	150	9
Harina de maíz + margarina (McNair Products Co. Ltd., Canada)	69	150	9
promedio de dos estudios	69±1	150	9
Maíz dulce
Maíz dulce, 'Honey & Pearl' variety (New Zealand)	37±12	150	11
Maíz dulce, en mazorca, hervido 20 min (Australia)	48	150	14
Maíz dulce (Canada)	59±11	150	20
Maíz dulce (USA)	60	150	20
Maíz dulce (USA)	60	150	20
Maíz dulce (Sudáfrica)	62±5	150	20
promedio de seis estudios	53±4	150	17
Maíz dulce, grano entero, enlatado, empacado, seco (Featherweight, USA)	46	150	13
Maíz dulce, congelado, recalentado en microondas	47	150	16
(Green Giant Pillsbury Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
Taco shells, cornmeal-based, baked (Old El Paso Foods Co., Toronto, Canada)	68	20	8
Couscous
Couscous, hervido 5 min (Near East Food Products Co., Leominster, MA, USA)	61
Couscous, hervido 5 min (Túnez)	69
promedio de dos estudios	65±4	150	23
Millet
Millet, hervidas (Canada)	71±10	150	25
Millet flour porridge (Kenya)	107
Arroz, blanco
Arborio, risotto rice, hervido (Sun Rice brand, Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)	69±7	150	36
Blanco (Oryza sativa), hervido (India)	69±15	150	30
Arroz, blanco hervido, tipo NS
tipo NS, comido solo (Francia)	45	150	14
Tipo NS (India)	48	150	18
Tipo NS (Canada)	51	150	21
Tipo NS (France)	52	150	19
Tipo NS (Canada)	56	150	23
Tipo NS (Pakistan)	69	150	26
Tipo NS (Canada)	72±9	150	30
tipo NS, hervido en agua salada (India)	72	150	27
tipo NS, hervido 13 min (Italy)	102	150	31
Tipo NS (Kenya)	112	150	47
tipo NS, hervido (Francia)	43	150	13
tipo NS, hervido (Francia)	47	150	14
promedio de 12 estudios	64±7	150	23
tipo NS, hervido en agua salada, refrigerado 16-20h, recalentado (India)	53	150	20
tipo NS, hervido 13 min, luego hervido 10 min (Italy)	104	150	31
Grano largo, hervido
Grano largo, hervido 5 min (Canada)	41	150	16
Grano largo, blanco, pelado, hervido 15 min (Mahatma brand, Riviana Foods,	50	150	21
Wetherill Park, NSW, Australia )
Gema grano largo (Dainty Food Inc., Toronto, Canada)	55	150	22
Grano largo, blanco (Uncle Bens, Auckland, Nueva Zelanda)	56±7	150	24
Grano largo, hervido 25 min (Surinam)	56±2	150	24
Gema grano largo (Dainty Food Inc., Canada)	57	150	23
Grano largo, hervido 15 min	58	150	23
Gema grano largo (Dainty Food Inc., Canada)	60	150	24
Gema grano largo (Dainty Food Inc., Canada)	60	150	24
Grano largo, blanco, hervido 7 min (Star brand, Gouda foods, Concord, Canada)	64±3	150	26
promedio de 10 estudios	56±2	150	23
Arroz, grano largo, variedad de cocinado rápido
Grano largo, sancochado 10 min de tiempo de cocción (Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, Belgium)	68±6	150	25
Grano largo, sancochado, 20 min cooking time (Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, Belgium)	75±7	150	28
Grano largo, blanco, precocido, al microondas 2 min (Express Rice, simple, Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods	52±5	150	19
King's Lynn, Norfolk, UK)
Arroz, specialty rices
Cajun Style, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Bolton, Canada)	51	150	19
Garden Style, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)	55	150	21
Long Grain and Wild, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)	54	150	20
Mexican Fast and Fancy, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)	58	150	22
Saskatchewan wild rice (Canada)	57	150	18
Broken rice, blanco, cooked in rice cooker (Lion Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)	86±10	150	37
Glutinous rice, blanco, cooked in rice cooker (Bangsue Chia Meng Rice Mill, Bangkok, Thailand)	98±7	150	31
Jasmine rice, white long grain, cooked in rice cooker (Golden World Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)	109±10	150	46
Arroz, white low-amylose
Calrose, blanco, medium grain, hervido (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	83±13	150	36
Sungold, Pelde, parboiled (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	87±7	150	37
Waxy (0-2% amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	88±11	150	38
Pelde, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	93±11	150	40
Blanco, low-amylose, hervido (Turkey)	139	150	60
Arroz, white high-amylose
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16 (28% amylose)	37	150	14
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, blanco, grano largo (27% amylose), hervido 17.5 min	39	150	15
promedio de dos estudios	38	150	15
Doongara, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	50±6
Doongara, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	64±9
Doongara, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	54±7
mean of three studies	56±4	150	22
Koshikari (Japonica), blanco, short-grain, hervido 15 min then steamed 10 min (Japan)	48±8	150	18
Basmati
Basmati, blanco, hervido (Mahatma brand, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	58±8	150	22
Precooked basmati rice in pouch, blanco, reheated in microwave, Uncle Ben's Express ®	57±4	150	24
(Masterfoods. Kings Lynn, Norfolk, UK)
Quick cooking white basmati, cooked 10 min, Uncle Ben's Superior (Masterfoods Olen, Belgium)	60±5	150	23
Arroz, brown
Brown (Canada)	66±5	150	21
Brown, steamed (USA) 5	50	150	16
Brown (Oriza Sativa), hervido (South India) 5	50±19	150	16
mean of three studies	55±5	150	18
Calrose brown (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	87±8	150	33
Doongara brown, high amylose (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	66±7	150	24
Pelde brown (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	76±6	150	29
Parboiled, cooked 20 min, Uncle Ben's Natur-reis ® (Masterfoods Olen, Belgium)	64±7	150	23
Sunbrown Quick TM (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	80±7	150	31
Instant/puffed rice
Instant rice, blanco, hervido 1 min (Canada)	46	150	19
Instant rice, blanco, cooked 6 min (Trice brand, Australia)	87	150	36
Puffed, blanco, cooked 5 min, Uncle Ben's Snabbris ® (Masterfoods Olen, Belgium)	74±5	150	31
mean of three studies	69±12	150	29
Instant doongara, blanco, cooked 5 min (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	94±7	150	35
Parboiled rice
Parboiled rice (Canada)	48	150	18
Parboiled rice (USA)	72	150	26
Converted, blanco, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)	45	150	16
Converted, blanco, hervido 20-30 min, Uncle Ben's ® (Masterfoods USA, Vernon, CA)	38	150	14
Converted, blanco, grano largo, hervido 20-30 min, Uncle Ben's ® (Masterfoods USA)	50	150	18
Boiled, 12 min (Denmark) 6	39	150	14
Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)	42	150	15
Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)	43	150	16
Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)	46	150	17
Grano largo, hervido 5 min (Canada)	38	150	14
Grano largo, hervido, 10 min (USA) 5	61	150	22
Grano largo, hervido 15 min (Canada)	47	150	17
Grano largo, hervido 25 min (Canada)	46	150	17
mean of thirteen studies	47±3	150	17
Parboiled rice, eaten as part of a traditional Indian meal (India) 5	99
Parboiled, low-amylose
Bangladeshi rice variety BR2, parboiled (12% amylose)	51	150	19
Parboiled, low-amylose, Pelde, Sungold (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	87±7	150	34
Parboiled, high-amylose
Parboiled, high-amylose (28%), Doongara (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	50±6	150	19
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, parboiled (28% amylose)	35	150	13
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, traditionally parboiled (27% amylose)	32	150	12
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, pressure parboiled (27% amylose)	27	150	11
Bangladeshi rice variety BR4, parboiled (27% amylose)	33	150	13
Mean of 5 studies	35±4	150	14
Rye, whole kernels
Rye, whole kernels (Canada)	29	50 (seca)	11
Rye, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi) 30 min in 2 L water (Canada)	34	50 (seca)	13
Rye, whole kernels (Canada)	39	50 (seca)	15
mean of three studies	34±3	50 (seca)	13
Wheat
Trigo, whole kernels
Trigo, whole kernels (Triticum aestivum) (India) 11	30±9	50 (seca)	11
Trigo, whole kernels (Canada)	42	50 (seca)	14
Trigo, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi) 30 min in 2 L water (Canada)	44	50 (seca)	14
Trigo, whole kernels (Canada)	48	50 (seca)	16
promedio de cuatro estudios	41±3	50 (seca)	14
Trigo, type NS(India)	90	50 (seca)	34
Trigo, precooked kernels
Durum wheat, precocido, cooked 20 min (Ebly, Chateaudun, France)	52±4	50 (seca)	19
Durum wheat, precocido, cooked 10 min (Ebly, France)	50±5	50 (seca)	17
Durum wheat, precooked in pouch, reheated in microwave, Ebly Express (Ebly, France)	40±5	125	16
Quick cooking (White Wings, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	54±11	150	25
Semolina
Semolina, roasted at 105 °C then gelatinised with water (India)	55±9
Semolina, steamed and gelatinised (India)	54±13
promedio de dos estudios	55±1	150	6
Cracked wheat (bulgur/bourghul)
Bulgur, hervidas (Canada)	46
Bulgur, hervido in 800 mL water 20 min (Canada)	46
Bulgur, hervido 20 min (Canada)	46
Bulgur, hervido 20 min (Canada)	53
promedio de cuatro estudios	48±2	150	12
COOKIES
Arrowroot
Arrowroot (McCormicks's, Interbare Foods, Toronto, Canada)	63	25	13
Arrowroot plus (McCormicks's, Canada)	62	25	11
Milk Arrowroot TM (Arnotts, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	69±7	25	12
mean of three studies	65±2	25	12
Barquette Abricot (LU, Ris, Orangis, France)	71±6	40	23
Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)	57±9	50	19
Bebe Dobre Rano Honey and Hazelnuts (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)	51±9	50	17
Bebe Jemne Susenky (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)	67±11	25	14
Digestives
Digestives (Canada)	55
Digestives (Canada)	59±7
Digestives, Peak Freans (Nabisco Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	62
mean of three studies	59±2	25	10
Digestives, gluten-free (maize starch) (Nutricia Dietary Care Ltd., Redish, Stockport, UK)	58	25	10
Evergreen met Krenten (LU, Netherlands)	66±12	38	14
Golden Fruit (Griffin's Foods Ltd., Auckland, Nueva Zelanda)	77±25	25	13
Graham Wafers (Christie Brown & Co., Toronto, Canada)	74	25	14
Gran'Dia Banana, Oats and Honey (LU, Brazil)	28±5	30	6
Grany en-cas Abricot (LU, France)	55±6	30	9
Grany en-cas Fruits des bois (LU, France)	50±5	30	7
Grany Rush Apricot (LU, Netherlands)	62±3	30	12
Highland Oatmeal TM (Westons biscuits, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	55±8	25	10
Highland Oatcakes (Walker's Shortbread Ltd., Aberlour-on-Spey, Scotland)	57	25	8
LU P'tit Déjeuner Chocolat (LU, France)	42±5	50	14
LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat (LU, France)	45±5	50	16
LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat (LU, France)	52±3	50	18
LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat (LU, France)	49±8	50	18
mean of three studies	49±2	50	17
Maltmeal wafer (Griffin's Foods Ltd., Nueva Zelanda)	50±10	25	9
Morning Coffee TM (Arnotts, Australia)	79±6	25	15
Nutrigrain Fruits des bois (Kellogg's, France)	57±4	35	13
Oatmeal (Canada)	54±4	25	9
Oro (Saiwa, Italy)	61±9	40	20
Oro (Saiwa, Italy)	67±17	40	21
promedio de dos estudios	64±3	40	20
Petit LU Normand (LU, France)	51±3	25	10
Petit LU Roussillon (LU, France)	48±4	25	9
Prince Energie+ (LU, France)	73±5	25	13
Prince fourré chocolate (LU, France)	53±5
Prince fourré chocolate (LU, France)	50±5
promedio de dos estudios	52±2	45	16
Prince Meganana Chocolate (LU, Spain)	49±12	50	18
Prince Petit Déjeuner Vanille (LU, France and Spain)	45±6	50	16
Rich Tea (Canada)	55±4	25	10
Sablé des Flandres (LU, France)	57±10	20	8
Shortbread (Arnotts, Australia)	64±8	25	10
Shredded Wheatmeal TM (Arnotts, Australia)	62±4	25	11
Snack Right Fruit Slice (97% fat-free) (Arnott's, Australia)	45±3	25	9
Thé (LU, France)	41±7	20	6
Vanilla Wafers (Christie Brown & Co., Canada)	77	25	14
Véritable Petit Beurre (LU, France)	51±8	25	9
CRACKERS
Breton wheat crackers (Dare Foods Ltd., Kitchener, Canada)	67	25	10
Corn Thins, puffed corn cakes, gluten-free (Real Foods, St Peters, NSW, Australia)	87±10	25	18
Cream Cracker (LU Triumfo, Brazil)	65±11	25	11
High-calcium cracker (Danone, Malaysia)	52±8	25	9
Jatz TM, plain salted craker biscuits (Arnotts, Australia)	55±5	25	10
Puffed Crispbread (Westons, Australia)	81±9	25	15
Puffed rice cakes
Puffed rice cakes, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Leeton, NSW, Australia)	82±11	25	17
Rice cakes, Calrose rice (low-amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	91±7	25	19
Rice cakes, Doongara rice (high-amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	61±5	25	13
mean of three studies	78±9	25	17
Rye crispbread
Rye crispbread (Canada)	63	25	10
Ryvita TM (Canada)	69±10	25	11
High-fiber rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd., Poole, Dorset, UK)	59	25	9
Rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd., UK)	63	25	11
promedio de cuatro estudios	64±2	25	11
Kavli TM Norwegian Crispbread (Players Biscuits, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	71±7	25	12
Sao TM, plain square crackers (Arnotts, Australia)	70±9	25	12
Stoned Wheat Thins (Christie Brown & Co., Canada)	67	25	12
Water cracker
Water cracker (Canada)	63±9	25	11
Water cracker (Arnotts, Australia)	78±11	25	14
promedio de dos estudios	71±8	25	13
Premium Soda Crackers (Christie Brown & Co., Canada)	74	25	12
Vita-wheat TM, original, crispbread (Arnott's, Australia)	55±4	25	10
DAIRY PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES
Custard
No Bake Egg Custard, prepared from powder with whole milk (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	35±2	100	6
Custard, home made from milk, wheat starch, and sugar (Australia)	43±10	100	7
TRIM TM, reduced-fat custard (Pauls Ltd., South Brisbane, Qld, Australia)	37±4	100	6
mean of three studies	38±2	100	6
Ice cream, Regular/NS
Ice cream, NS (Canada)	36±8
Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy)	57
Ice cream, NS(USA)	62
Ice cream, chocolate flavored (USA)	68±15
Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy)	80
mean of five studies	61±7	50	8
Ice cream, Reduced- or Low-fat
Ice cream, low-fat, vanilla, 'Light' (Peter's, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	50±8	50	3
Ice-cream, low-fat (1.2 % fat), Prestige Light rich vanilla (Norco, Lismore, NSW, Australia) 6	47±5	50	5
Ice-cream, low-fat (1.4% fat), Prestige Light traditional toffee (Norco, Australia) 6	37±4	50	5
Ice-cream, reduced-fat (7.1 % fat), Prestige golden macadamia (Norco, Australia) 6	39±3	50	5
Ice cream, Premium (high-fat)
Ice cream, premium, Ultra chocolate, 15% fat (Sara Lee, Gosford, NSW, Australia)	37±3	50	4
Ice cream, premium, French vanilla, 16% fat (Sara Lee, Australia)	38±3	50	3
Milk, full-fat
Full-fat (Italy)	11
Full-fat (3% fat, Skånemejerier, Malmö, Sweden) 6	21
Full-fat (Italy)	24
Full-fat cow's milk, fresh (Dairy Farmers, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	31±2
Full-fat (Canada)	34±6
Full-fat (USA)	40
mean of five studies	27±4	250	3
Fermented cow's milk (ropy milk, långfil, 3% fat) (Arla, Gävle, Sweden) 6	11
Fermented cow's milk (filmjölk, 3% fat) (Skånemejerier, Malmö, Sweden) 6	11
mean of two foods	11
Milk, full-fat, plus bran
Full-fat + 20g wheat bran (Italy)	25
Full-fat + 20g wheat bran (Italy)	28
promedio de dos estudios	27±2	250	3
Milk, skim (Canada)	32±5	250	4
Milk, condensed, sweetened (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	61±6	50	17
Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with aspartame, Lite White TM (Dairy Farmers, Australia)	24±6	250	3
Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with sugar, Lite White TM (Dairy Farmers, Australia)	34±4	250	9
Mousse, reduced-fat, prepared from commerical mousse mix with water
Butterscotch, 1.9% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	36±4	50	4
Chocolate, 2% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	31±4	50	3
Hazelnut, 2.4% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	36±4	50	4
Mango, 1.8% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	33±5	50	4
Mixed berry, 2.2% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	36±5	50	4
Strawberry, 2.3% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	32±3	50	3
mean of six foods	34±1	50	4
Pudding
instant, chocolate, made from powder and whole milk (White Wings, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	47±4	100	7
instant, vanilla, made from powder and whole milk (White Wings, Australia)	40±4	100	6
mean of two foods	44±4	100	7
Yoghurt
Yoghurt, type NS (Canada)	36±4	200	3
Low-fat yoghurt
Low-fat, fruit, aspartame, Ski TM (Dairy Farmers, Australia)	14±4	200	2
Low-fat, fruit, sugar, Ski TM (Dairy Farmers, Australia)	33±7	200	10
Low-fat (0.9%), fruit, wild strawberry (Ski d'lite TM, Dairy Farmers, Australia)	31±14	200	9
Non-fat yoghurt, sweetened with acesulfame K and Splenda
Diet Vaalia TM, exotic fruits (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	23±2	200	4
Diet Vaalia TM, mango (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	23±2	200	3
Diet Vaalia TM, mixed berry (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	25±3	200	3
Diet Vaalia TM, strawberry (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	23±2	200	3
Diet Vaalia TM, vanilla (Pauls Ltd, Australia) 6	23±2	200	3
mean of five foods	24±1	200	3
Reduced-fat yoghurt
Reduced-fat, Vaalia TM, apricot & mango (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	26±4	200	8
Reduced-fat, Vaalia TM, french vanilla (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	26±4	200	3
Reduced-fat, Extra-Lite TM, strawberry (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	28±4	200	9
mean of three foods	27±1	200	7
Yoghurt drink, reduced-fat, Vaalia TM, tropical passionfruit (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	38±4	200	11
Soy-based dairy product alternatives
Soy milks (containing maltodextrin)
Soy milk, full-fat (3%), 0 mg calcium, Original (So Natural Foods, Taren Point, NSW, Australia) 6	44±5	250	8
Soy milk, full-fat (3%), 120 mg calcium, Calciforte (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6	36±4	250	6
Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), 120 mg calcium, Light (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6	44±3	250	8
Soy milk drinks
Soy smoothie drink, banana, 1% fat (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6	30±3	250	7
Soy smoothie drink, chocolate hazelnut, 1% fat (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6	34±3	250	8
mean of two drinks	32±2	250	7
Up & Go TM, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6	43±5	250	11
(Sanitarium, Berkeley Vale, NSW, Australia)
Up & Go TM, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6	46±5	250	11
(Sanitarium, Australia)
mean of two drinks	45±2	250	11
Xpress TM, chocolate (soy bean, cereal and legume extract drink with fructose) 6	39±2	250	13
(So Natural Foods, Australia)
Soy yoghurt
Soy yoghurt, peach and mango, 2% fat, sugar (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6	50±3	200	13
Tofu-based frozen dessert, chocolate with high-fructose (24%) corn syrup (USA)	115±14	50	10
FRUIT AND FRUIT PRODUCTS
Apples, raw
Apple, NS (Denmark)	28	120	4
Apple, Braeburn (New Zealand) 6	32±4	120	4
Apple, NS (Canada)	34	120	5
Apple, Golden Delicious (Canada)	39±3	120	6
Apple, NS(USA)	40	120	6
Apple, NS (Italy)	44	120	6
promedio de seis estudios	38±2	120	6
Apple juice
Jugo de manzana, unsweetened, reconstituted (Berrivale Orchards Ltd, Berri, SA, Australia)	39±5	250	10
Jugo de manzana, unsweetened (USA)	40	250	12
Jugo de manzana, unsweetened (Allens, Toronto, Canada)	41	250	12
mean of three studies	40±1	250	11
Apple, dried (Australia)	29±5	60	10
Apricots
Apricots, raw, NS (Italy)	57	120	5
Apricots, canned in light syrup (Riviera, Aliments Caneast Foods, Montreal, Canada )	64	120	12
Apricots, dried (Australia)	30±7	60	8
Apricots, dried (Wasco foods, Montreal, Canada)	32	60	10
promedio de dos estudios	31±1	60	9
Apricot fruit bar, pureed dried apricot filling in wholemeal pastry	50±8	50	17
(Mother Earth, Auckland, Nueva Zelanda)
Apricot fruit spread, reduced sugar (Glen Ewin Jams, Para Hills, SA, Australia)	55±7	30	7
Apricot Fruity Bitz TM, vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snack	42±3	15	5
(Blackmores Ltd., Balgowlah, NSW, Australia)
Banana, raw
Banana (Canada)	46	120	12
Banana (Italy)	58	120	13
Banana (Canada)	58	120	15
Banana (Canada)	62±9	120	16
Banana (South Africa)	70±5	120	16
Banana, ripe (all yellow) (USA)	51	120	13
Banana, under-ripe (Denmark)	30	120	6
Banana, slightly under-ripe (yellow with green sections) (USA)	42	120	11
Banana, over-ripe (yellow flecked with brown) (USA)	48	120	12
Banana, over-ripe (Denmark)	52	120	11
promedio de 10 estudios	52±4	120	12
Banana, processed fruit fingers, Heinz Kidz TM (H J Heinz, Malvern, Vic, Australia)	61±11	30	12
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), raw (Australia) 6	68	120	18
Cherries, raw, NS(Canada)	22	120	3
Chico (Zapota zapotilla coville), raw (Philippines) 6	40	120	12
Cranberry juice
Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray, Melbourne, Vic, Australia)	52±3	250	16
Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray Inc., Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, USA)	68±3	250	24
Cranberry juice drink, Ocean Spray ® (Gerber Ltd., Bridgewater, Somerset, UK)	56±4	250	16
Custard apple, raw, flesh only (Australia)	54±2	120	10
Dates, dried (Australia)	103±21	60	42
Figs, secas, tenderised, Dessert Maid brand (Ernest Hall & Sons, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	61±6	60	16
Fruit Cocktail, canned (Delmonte Canadian Canners Ltd., Hamilton, Canada)	55	120	9
Grapefruit, raw (Canada)	25	120	3
Grapefruit juice, unsweetened (Sunpac, Toronto, Canada)	48	250	9
Grapes, raw
Grapes, NS(Canada)	43	120	7
Grapes, NS (Italy)	49	120	9
promedio de dos estudios	46±3	120	8
Grapes, black, Waltham Cross (Australia)	59	120	11
Kiwi fruit, raw
Kiwi fruit, Hayward (New Zealand) 6	47±4	120	5
Kiwi fruit (Australia) 6	58±7	120	7
promedio de dos estudios	53±6	120	6
Lychee, canned in syrup and drained, Narcissus brand (China)	79±8	120	16
Mango, raw
Mango (Mangifera indica) (Philippines) 6	41	120	8
Mango (Mangifera indica) (Australia) 6	51±3	120	8
Mango, ripe (Mangifera indica) (India) 11	60±16	120	9
mean of three studies	51±5	120	8
Mango, low-fat frozen fruit dessert, Frutia TM (Weis Frozen Foods, Toowong, Qld, Australia)	42±3	100	10
Marmalade, orange (Australia)	48±9	30	9
Oranges, raw
Oranges, NS (Denmark)	31	120	3
Oranges, NS (South Africa)	33±6	120	3
Oranges, NS (Canada)	40±3	120	4
Oranges, NS (Italy)	48	120	5
Oranges (Sunkist, Van Nuys, CA, USA)	48	120	5
Oranges NS(Canada)	51	120	6
promedio de seis estudios	42±3	120	5
Orange juice
Orange Juice (Canada)	46±6	250	12
Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted concentrate, Quelch brand (Berri Ltd., Australia)	53±6	250	9
Orange juice, reconstituted from frozen concentrate (USA)	57±6	250	15
mean of three studies	52±3	250	12
Paw paw/papaya, raw
Paw paw (Carica papaya) (Australia) 6	56±6	120	5
Paw paw (papaya), ripe (India) 11	60±16	120	17
Papaya (Carica papaya) (Philippines) 6	60	120	9
mean of three studies	59±1	120	10
Peaches
Peach, raw (Canada)	28	120	4
Peach, raw (Italy)	56	120	5
promedio de dos estudios	42±14	120	5
Peach, canned in natural juice (Goulburn Valley, Ardmona Foods, Mooroopna, Vic, Australia)	30±4	120	3
Peach, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd., Shepparton, Vic, Australia)	45±6	120	5
promedio de dos estudios	38±8	120	4
Peach, canned in heavy syrup (Letona Foods, Hawthorn East, Vic, Australia)	58±11	120	9
Peach, canned in light syrup (Delmonte, Canadian Canners Ltd.)	52	120	9
Peach, canned in reduced-sugar syrup, SPC Lite (SPC Ltd., Australia)	62±9	120	11
Pears
Pear, raw, NS(Canada)	33	120	4
Pear, Winter Nellis, raw (New Zealand) 6	34±4	120	4
Pear, Bartlett, raw (Canada)	41	120	3
Pear, raw, NS (Italy)	42	120	4
promedio de cuatro estudios	38±2	120	4
Pear halves, canned in reduced-sugar syrup, SPC Lite (SPC Ltd., Australia)	25±6	120	4
Pear halves, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd., Australia)	43±15	120	5
Pear, canned in pear juice, Bartlett (Delmonte, Canadian Canners Ltd.)	44	120	5
Pineapple
Pineapple, raw (Australia) 6	66±7	120	6
Pineapple (Ananas comosus), raw (Philippines) 6	51	120	8
promedio de dos estudios	59±8	120	7
Pineapple juice, unsweetened (Dole Packaged Foods, Toronto, Canada)	46	250	15
Plums
Plum, raw, NS (Canada)	24	120	3
Plum, raw, NS (Italy)	53	120	6
promedio de dos estudios	39±15	120	5
Prunes, pitted (Sunsweet Growers Inc., Yuba City, CA, USA)	29±4	60	10
Raisins (Canada)	64±11	60	28
Rockmelon/Cantaloupe, raw (Australia) 6	65±9	120	4
Strawberries, fresh, raw (Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	40±7	120	1
Strawberry jam	51±10	30	10
Strawberry processed fruit bars, Real Fruit Bars (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	90±12	30	23
Sultanas	56±11	60	25
Tomato juice, no added sugar (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia) 6	38±4	250	4
Tropical Fruity Bitz TM, vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snack	41±3	15	5
(Blackmores Ltd., Australia)
Vitari, wild berry, non-dairy, frozen fruit dessert (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	59±8	100	12
Watermelon, raw (Australia) 6	72±13	120	4
Wild Berry Fruity Bitz TM, vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snack	35±4	15	4
(Blackmores Ltd., Australia)
INFANT FORMULA AND WEANING FOODS
Formula
Infasoy TM, soy-based, milk-free (Wyeth Nutritionals, Baulkham Hills, NSW, Australia) 6	55±6	100 mL	4
Karicare TM gold starter formula with omega plus LCP oils (Nutricia, Auckland, Nueva Zelanda) 6	35±5	100 mL	2
Nan-1 TM infant formula with iron (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	30±6	100 mL	2
S-26 TM infant formula (Wyeth Nutritionals, Australia) 6	36±6	100 mL	3
Weaning Foods
Farex TM baby rice (Heinz Wattie's Ltd., Malvern, Vic, Australia) 6	95±13	87	6
Robinsons First Tastes from 4 months (Nutricia, Wells, UK)
Apple, apricot and banana cereal 6	56±8	75	7
Creamed porridge 6	59±8	75	5
Rice pudding 6	59±6	75	6
Heinz for Baby from 4 months (Heinz Wattie's Ltd., Australia)
Chicken and noodles with vegetables, strained 6	67±11	120	5
Sweetcorn and rice 6	65±13	120	10
Legumbres y Nueces
Baked Beans
Baked Beans, enlatados (Canada)	40±3
Baked Beans, canned haricot/navy beans in tomato sauce	56
(Libby, McNeill & Libby, Chatham, Canada)
promedio de dos estudios	48±8	150	7
Porotos, secos, hervidos
Beans, secas, type NS(Italy)	36	150	11
Beans, secas, type NS(Italy)	20	150	6
promedio de dos estudios	29±9	150	9
Blackeyed beans/peas (Cowpeas), hervido
Blackeyed beans (Canada)	50	150	15
Blackeyed beans (Canada)	33±4	150	10
promedio de dos estudios	42±9	150	13
Butter Beans
Butter beans (South Africa)	28±7	150	5
Butter beans, secas, cooked 1.25 h (South Africa)	29±8	150	6
Butter beans (Canada)	36±4	150	7
mean of three studies	31±3	150	6
Butter beans, secas, hervido + 5g sucrose (South Africa)	30±2	150	6
Butter beans, secas, hervido + 10g sucrose (South Africa)	31±2	150	6
Butter beans, secas, hervido + 15g sucrose (South Africa)	54±4	150	11
Chickpeas (Garbanzo beans, Bengal gram), hervido
Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum Linn), secas, soaked, hervido 35 min (Philippines)	10	150	3
Chickpeas, secas, hervidas (Canada)	31	150	9
Chickpeas (Canada)	33	150	10
Chickpeas (Canada)	36±5	150	11
promedio de cuatro estudios	28±6	150	8
Chickpeas, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	42	150	9
Chickpeas, curry, canned (Canasia Foods Ltd., Scarborough, Canada)	41	150	7
Haricot/Navy beans
Haricot/Navy beans, pressure cooked at 15 psi for 25 min (King Grains, Toronto, Canada)	29	150	9
Haricot/Navy beans, secas, hervidas (Canada)	30	150	9
Haricot/Navy beans, hervidas (Canada)	31±6	150	9
Haricot/Navy beans (King Grains, Canada)	39	150	12
Haricot/Navy beans, pressure cooked at15 psi for 25 min (King Grains, Canada)	59	150	19
mean of five studies	38±6	150	12
Kidney Beans
Kidney/white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), soaked, hervido 17 min (Philippines)	13	150	3
Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) (India)	19	150	5
Kidney beans (USA) 5	23	150	6
Kidney beans, secas, hervido (Francia)	23±1	150	6
Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), rojas, soaked 20 min, hervido 70 min (Sweden)	25	150	6
Kidney beans (Canada)	29±8	150	7
Kidney beans, secas, hervidas (Canada)	42	150	10
Kidney beans (Canada)	46	150	11
mean of eight studies	28±4	150	7
Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) - autoclaved	34	150	8
Kidney beans, canned (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	52	150	9
Kidney beans, secas, soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h (India) 11	70±11	150	17
Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), soaked overnight, cooked 45 min (Philippines)	20	150	5
Lentejas, tipo NS
Lentejas, type NS (USA)	28
Lentejas, type NS (Canada)	29±3
promedio de dos estudios	29±1	150	5
Lentejas, green
Lentejas, green, secas, hervidas (Canada)	22	150	4
Lentejas, green, secas, hervido (Francia)	30±15	150	6
Lentejas, green, secas, hervidas (Australia)	37±3	150	5
mean of three studies	30±4	150	5
Lentejas, green, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	52	150	9
Lentejas, rojas
Lentejas, rojas, secas, hervidas (Canada)	18	150	3
Lentejas, rojas, secas, hervidas (Canada)	21	150	4
Lentejas, rojas, secas, hervidas (Canada)	31	150	6
Lentejas, rojas, secas, hervidas (Canada)	32	150	6
promedio de cuatro estudios	26±4	150	5
Lima beans, baby, congelado, reheated in microwave oven (York, Canada Packers, Toronto, Canada)	32	150	10
Marrowfat peas
Marrowfat peas, secas, hervido (USA)	31
Marrowfat peas, secas, hervidas (Canada)	47±3
promedio de dos estudios	39±8	150	7
Porotos Mung
Mung bean (Phaseolus areus Roxb), soaked, hervido 20 min (Philippines)	31	150	5
Porotos Mung, fritos (Australia)	53±8
Porotos Mung, germinated (Australia)	25±4	150	4
Porotos Mung, pressure cooked (Australia)	42±5	150	7
Guisantes, secas, hervidas (Australia)	22	150	2
Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan Linn. Huth.), soaked, hervido 45 min (Philippines)	22	150	4
Pinto beans
Pinto beans, secas, hervidas (Canada)	39	150	10
Pinto beans, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	45	150	10
Romano beans (Canada)	46	150	8
Soya beans
Porotos de soya, secas, hervidas (Canada)	15±5	150	1
Porotos de soya, secas, hervidas (Australia)	20±3	150	1
promedio de dos estudios	18±3	150	1
Porotos de soya, enlatados (Canada)	14±2	150	1
Split peas, amarillas, hervido 20 min (Nupack, Mississauga, Canada)	32	150	6
MEAL REPLACEMENT PRODUCTS
Hazelnut & Apricot bar (Dietworks, South Yarra, Vic, Australia)	42±7	50	9
L.E.A.N TM products (Usana Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, US)
L.E.A.N Fibergy TM bar, Harvest Oat	45±4	50	13
Nutrimeal TM, drink powder, Dutch Chocolate	26±3	250	3
L.E.A.N (Life long) Nutribar TM, Peanut Crunch	30±4	40	6
L.E.A.N (Life long) Nutribar TM, Chocolate Crunch	32±4	40	6
mean of two Nutri bars	31±1	40	6
Worldwide Sport Nutrition reduced-carbohydrate products (2000 formulations)
(Worldwide Sport Nutritional Supplements Inc., Largo, FL, US)
Designer chocolate, sugar-free 6	14±3	35	3
Burn-it TM bars
Chocolate deluxe 6	29±3	50	2
Peanut butter 6	23±3	50	1
Pure-protein TM bars
Chewy choc-chip 6	30±4	80	4
Chocolate deluxe 6	38±4	80	5
Peanut butter 6	22±4	80	2
Strawberry shortcake 6	43±4	80	6
White chocolate mousse 6	40±4	80	6
Pure-protein TM cookies
Choc-chip cookie dough 6	25±3	55	3
Coconut 6	42±5	55	4
Peanut butter 6	37±7	55	3
Ultra pure-protein TM shakes
Cappuccino	47±6	250	1
Frosty chocolate	37±6	250	1
Strawberry shortcake	42±4	250	1
Vanilla ice cream	32±5	250	1
MIXED MEALS AND CONVENIENCE FOODS
Chicken nuggets, congelado, reheated in microwave oven 5 min (Savings, Grocery Holdings,	46±4	100	7
Tooronga, Vic, Australia)
Fish Fingers (Canada)	38±6	100	7
Greek lentil stew with a bread roll, caseros (Australia)	40±5	360	15
Kugel (Polish dish containing egg noodles, sugar, cheese and raisins) (Israel)	65±6	150	31
Lean Cuisine TM, French style chicken with rice, reheated (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	36±6	400	24
Pies, beef, party size (Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Australia)	45±6	100	12
Pizza
Pizza, queso (Pillsbury Canada Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	60	100	16
Pizza, plain baked dough, served with parmesan cheese and tomato sauce (Italy)	80	100	22
Pizza, Super Suprema, pan (11.4% fat) (Pizza Hut, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	36±6	100	9
Pizza, Super Suprema, delgado y crocante (13.2 % fat) (Pizza Hut, Australia)	30±4	100	7
Pizza, Suprema vegetariana, delgado y crocante (7.8 % fat) (Pizza Hut, Australia) 6	49±6	100	12
Salchichas, NS(Canada)	28±6	100	1
Sirloin chop with mixed vegetables and mashed potato, caseros (Australia)	66±12	360	35
Spaghetti a la bolognesa, caseros (Australia)	52±9	360	25
Stirfried vegetables with chicken and hervido white rice, caseros (Australia)	73±17	360	55
Sushi
Sushi, salmon (from 'I Love Sushi' chain store, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	48±8	100	17
Sushi, roasted sea algae, vinegar and rice (Japan)	55	100	20
Promedio de dos estudios	52±4	100	19
Arroz blanco hervido hamburguesa asada, queso y manteca (Francia)	27	440	14
Arroz blanco hervido hamburguesa asada, cheese and butter (France)	22	440	11
Mean in two groups of subjects	25±2	440	13
White bread with toppings
White wheat flour bread, butter, queso regular cow's milk and fresh cucumber (Sweden) 6	55	200	38
White wheat flour bread, butter, yoghurt and pickled cucumber (Sweden) 6	39	200	11
White bread with butter (Canada)	59	100	29
White bread with skim milk cheese (Canada)	55	100	26
White bread with butter and skim milk cheese (Canada)	62	100	23
White/wholemeal wheat bread with peanut butter (Canada)	51	100	23
White/wholemeal wheat bread with peanut butter (Canada)	67	100	30
promedio de dos estudios	59±8	100	26
NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT PRODUCTS
Choicedm TM, vanilla (Mead Johnson Nutritionals, Evansville, IN, US)	23±4	237mL	6
Enercal Plus TM, made from powder (Wyeth-Ayerst International Inc., Madison, NJ, US)	61±13	237mL	24
Ensure TM (Abbott Australasia, Kurnell, NSW, Australia)	50±8	237mL	19
Ensure TM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia)	48±3	250mL	16
Ensure TM bar, chocolate fudge brownie (Abbott Australasia)	43±3	38	8
Ensure Plus TM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia)	40±4	237mL	19
Ensure Pudding TM, old fashioned vanilla (Abbott Laboratories Inc., Ashland, OH, USA)	36±4	113	9
Glucerna TM, vanilla (Abbott Laboratories Inc., USA) 6	31±2	237mL	7
Jevity TM (Abbott Australasia)	48±3	237mL	17
Resource Diabetic TM, French vanilla (Novartis Nutrition Corp., Young America, MN, USA) 6	34±3	237mL	8
Resource Diabetic TM, Swiss chocolate (Novartis, Auckland, Nueva Zelanda)	16±4	237mL	7
Resource TM thickened orange juice, honey consistency (Novartis, Nueva Zelanda)	47±9	237mL	18
Resource TM thickened orange juice, nectar consistency (Novartis, Nueva Zelanda)	54±7	237mL	19
Resource TM fruit beverage, peach flavour (Novartis, Nueva Zelanda)	40±8	237mL	16
Sustagen TM, Dutch Chocolate (Mead Johnson, Bristol Myers Squibb, Rydalmere, NSW, Australia)	31±4	250mL	13
Sustagen TM Hospital with extra fiber, drink made from powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia)	33±4	250mL	15
Sustagen TM Instant Pudding, vanilla, made from powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia)	27±3	250	13
Ultracal TM with fiber (Mead Johnson, Evansville, IN, USA)	40	237 mL	12
PASTA and NOODLES
Capellini (Primo Foods Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	45	180	20
Corn pasta, gluten-free (Orgran Natural Foods, Carrum Downs, Vic, Australia)	78±10	180	32
Fettucine, egg
Fettucine, egg	32±4	180	15
Fettucine, egg (Mother Earth Fine Foods, Rowville, Vic, Australia)	47±6	180	22
promedio de dos estudios	40±8	180	18
Gluten-free pasta, maize starch, hervido 8 min (UK)	54	180	22
Gnocchi, NS (Latina, Pillsbury Australia Ltd., Mt. Waverley, Vic, Australia)	68±9	180	33
Instant noodles
Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi ® (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	46±5
Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi ® (Nestlé, Auckland, Nueva Zelanda)	48±8
Instant noodles (Mr Noodle, Vancouver, Canada)	47
mean of three studies	47±1	180	19
Linguine
Thick, durum wheat, blanco, fresh (Sweden)	43	180	21
Thick, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w monoglycerides, hervido 8 min (Sweden)	48	180	23
promedio de dos estudios	46±3	180	22
Thin, durum wheat (Sweden)	49	180	23
Thin, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w monoglycerides, hervido 3 min (Sweden)	61	180	29
Thin, fresh, durum wheat with 39% w/w egg, (Sweden)	45	180	18
Thin, fresh, with 0.6% w/w monoglycerides and 30% w/w egg, hervido 3 min (Sweden)	53	180	22
promedio de cuatro estudios	52±3	180	23
Mung bean noodles
Lungkow beanthread noodles (National Cereals, Oils & Foodstuffs, Qingdao & Guangdong, China)	26	180	12
Mung bean noodles (Longkou beanthread), secas, hervido (Yantai cereals, China)	39±9	180	18
promedio de dos estudios	33±7
Macaroni
Macaroni, simple, hervido 5 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	45	180	22
Macaroni, simple, hervido (Turkey)	48	180	23
promedio de dos estudios	47±2	180	23
Macaroni and Cheese, boxed (Kraft General Foods Canada Inc., Don Mills, Ontario)	64	180	32
Ravioli, durum wheat flour, meat filled, hervidas (Australia)	39±1	180	15
Rice noodles/pasta
Rice noodles, secas, hervido (Thai World, Bangkok, Thailand)	61±6	180	23
Rice noodles, freshly made, hervido (Sydney, NSW, Australia)	40±4	180	15
Rice pasta, brown, hervido 16 min (Rice Grower's Co-op., Leeton, NSW, Australia)	92±8	180	35
Rice and maize pasta, gluten-free, Ris'O'Mais (Orgran Foods, Carrum Downs, Vic, Australia)	76±6	180	37
Rice vermicelli, Kongmoon (National Cereals, Oils & Foodstuffs, China)	58	180	22
Spaghetti
Spaghetti, gluten-free, rice and split pea, canned in tomato sauce (Orgran Foods, Australia)	68±9	220	19
Spaghetti, protein enriched, hervido 7 min (Catelli Plus, Catelli Ltd., Montreal, Canada)	27	180	14
Spaghetti, blanco, hervido 5 min
Boiled 5 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	32	180	15
Boiled 5 min (Canada)	34	180	16
Boiled 5 min (Canada)	40	180	19
Boiled 5 min (Middle East)	44	180	21
promedio de cuatro estudios	38±3	180	18
Spaghetti, white or type NS, hervido 10-15 min
Blanco, durum wheat, hervido 10 min in salty water (Barilla, Parma, Italy) 12	58	180	28
Blanco, durum wheat flour, hervido 12 min (Starhushålls, Kungsörnen AB, Järna, Sweden)	47	180	23
Blanco, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w monoglycerides, hervido 12 min (Sweden)	53	180	25
Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	32	180	15
Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	36	180	17
Boiled 15 min (Canada)	41	180	20
Blanco, hervido 15 min in salted water (Unico, Concord, Canada)	44±3	180	21
mean of seven studies	44±3	180	21
Spaghetti, white or type NS, hervido 20 min
Blanco, durum wheat, hervido 20 min (Australia)	58±7	180	26
Durum wheat, hervido 20 min (USA)	64±15	180	27
promedio de dos estudios	61±3	180	27
Spaghetti, blanco, hervido
White (Denmark)	33	180	16
Blanco, durum wheat (Catelli Ltd, Montreal, Canada)	34	180	16
White (Australia)	38	180	17
White (Canada)	42	180	20
White (Canada)	48	180	23
White (Vetta, Greens Foods, Glendenning, NSW, Australia)	49±7	180	22
White (Canada)	50±8	180	24
mean of seven studies	42±3	180	20
Spaghetti, blanco, durum wheat semolina (Panzani, Marseilles, France)
Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 11 min	59±15	180	28
Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 16.5 min	65±15	180	31
Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 22 min	46±10	180	22
mean of three cooking times	57±6	180	27
Spaghetti, wholemeal, hervido
Wholemeal (USA)	32	180	14
Wholemeal (Canada)	42±4	180	17
promedio de dos estudios	37±5	180	16
Spirali, durum wheat, blanco, hervido to al denté texture (Vetta, Australia)	43±10	180	19
Split pea and soya pasta shells, gluten-free (Orgran Foods, Australia)	29±6	180	9
Star Pastina, blanco, hervido 5 minutes (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	38	180	18
Tortellini, cheese (Stouffer, Nestlé, Don Mills, Canada)	50	180	10
Udon noodles, simple, reheated 5 min (Fantastic, Windsor Gardens, SA, Australia) 6	62±8	180	30
Vermicelli, blanco, hervidas (Australia)	35±7	180	16
SNACK FOODS AND CONFECTIONERY
Burger Rings TM, barbeque-flavored (Smith's Snack Food Co., Chatswood, NSW, Australia)	90±16	50	28
Chocolate, leche, solo
Chocolate, leche, plain with sucrose (Belgium) 6	34±5	50	7
Chocolate, milk (Cadbury's Confectionery, Ringwood, Vic, Australia)	49±6	50	14
Chocolate, leche, Dove ® (Mars Confectionery, Ballarat, Vic, Australia)	45±8	50	13
Chocolate, milk (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	42±8	50	13
promedio de cuatro estudios	43±3	50	12
Chocolate, leche, simple, low-sugar with maltitol (Belgium) 6	35±16	50	8
Chocolate, blanco, Milky Bar ® (Nestlé, Australia)	44±6	50	13
Corn chips
Corn chips, simple, salted (Doritos TM original, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia, 1998)	42±4	50	11
Corn chips, simple, salted (Doritos TM original, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia, 1985)	72	50	18
Nachips TM (Old El Paso Foods Co., Canada)	74	50	21
mean of three studies	63±10	50	17
Fruit Bars
Apricot filled fruit bar (pureed dried apricot filling in wholemeal pastry)	50±8	50	17
(Mother Earth, Auckland, Nueva Zelanda)
Heinz Kidz TM Fruit Fingers, banana (HJ Heinz, Malvern, Vic, Australia)	61±11	30	12
Real Fruit Bars, strawberry (Uncle Toby's, Wahgunyah, Vic, Australia)	90±12	30	23
Roll-Ups ® , processed fruit snack (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	99±12	30	24
Fruity Bitz TM , vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snacks
Fruity Bitz TM, apricot (Blackmores Ltd., Balgowlah, NSW, Australia)	42±3	15	5
Fruity Bitz TM, berry (Blackmores Ltd., Australia)	35±4	15	4
Fruity Bitz TM, tropical (Blackmores Ltd., Australia)	41±3	15	5
mean of three flavours	39±2	15	4
Jelly beans
Jelly beans, assorted colors (Allen's, Nestle, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	80±8
Jelly beans, assorted colors (Savings, Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Vic, Australia)	76±6
promedio de dos estudios	78±2	30	22
Kudos Whole Grain Bars, chocolate chip (M & M/Mars, Hackettstown, NJ, USA)	62±8	50	20
Life Savers ® , peppermint candy (Nestlé, Australia)	70±6	30	21
M & M's ® , peanut (Mars Confectionery, Australia)	33±3	30	6
Mars Bar ®
Mars Bar ® (Mars Confectionery, Australia)	62±8	60	25
Mars Bar ® (M&M/Mars, USA)	68±12	60	27
promedio de dos estudios	65±3	60	26
Muesli bar containing dried fruit (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	61±7	30	13
Nougat, Jijona (La Fama, Spain)	32	30	4
Nutella ® , chocolate hazelnut spread (Ferrero Australia, Milson's Point, NSW, Australia)	33±4	20	4
Nuts
Cashew nuts, salted (Coles Supermarkets, Australia) 6	22±5	50	3
Peanuts
Peanuts, crushed (South Africa) 6	7±4	50	0
Peanuts (Canada) 6	13±6	50	1
Peanuts (Mexico) 6	23	50	2
mean of three studies	14±8	50	1
Popcorn
Popcorn, simple, cooked in microwave oven (Green's Foods, Glendenning, NSW, Australia)	55±7	20	6
Popcorn, simple, cooked in microwave oven (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	89	20	10
promedio de dos estudios	72±17	20	8
Pop Tarts TM, double choc (Kellogg's, Pagewood, NSW, Australia)	70±2	50	24
Potato crisps
Potato crisps, simple, salted (Arnott's, Homebush, NSW, Australia)	57	50	10
Potato crisps, simple, salted (Canada)	51±7	50	12
promedio de dos estudios	54±3	50	11
Pretzels, oven-baked, traditional wheat flavour (Parker's, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia)	83±9	30	16
Skittles ® (Mars Confectionery, Australia)	70±5	50	32
Snack bars
Snack bar, Apple Cinnamon (Con Agra Inc., Omaha, NE, USA)	40±8	50	12
Snack bar, Peanut Butter & Choc-Chip (Con Agra Inc., USA)	37±6	50	10
Snickers Bar ®
Snickers Bar ® (Mars Confectionery, Australia)	41±5	60	15
Snickers Bar ® (M&M/Mars, USA)	68	60	23
promedio de dos estudios	55±14	60	19
Twisties TM, cheese-flavoured, extruded snack, rice and corn (Smith's Snackfood Co., Australia)	74±5	50	22
Twix ® Cookie Bar, caramel (M&M/Mars, USA)	44±6	60	17
SPORTS BARS
Power Bar ®
Power Bar ® , chocolate (Powerfood Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA)	58±5
Power Bar ® , chocolate (Powerfood Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA)	53
promedio de dos estudios	56±3	65	24
Ironman PR bar ® , chocolate (PR Nutrition, San Diego, CA, USA)	39	65	10
SOUPS
Black Bean (Wil-Pack Foods, San Pedro, CA, USA)	64	250	17
Green Pea, canned (Campbell Soup Co Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	66	250	27
Lentil, canned (Unico, Concord, Canada)	44	250	9
Minestrone, Traditional, Country Ladle TM (Campbell's Soups, Homebush, NSW, Australia) 6	39±3	250	7
Noodle soup (traditional Turkish soup with stock and noodles)	1	250	0
Split Pea (Wil-Pak Foods, USA)	60	250	16
Tarhana soup (traditional Turkish soup with wheat flour, yogurt, tomate, peppers)	20
Tomato soup (Canada)	38±9	250	6
SUGARS AND SUGAR ALCOHOLS
Blue Agave cactus nectar, high-fructose
Organic Agave Cactus Nectar, light, 90% fructose (Western Commerce Corp., City of Industry,	11±1	10	1
CA, USA) 6
Organic Agave Cactus Nectar, light, 97% fructose (Western Commerce Corp., USA) 6	10±1	10	1
Fructose
25g portion (Sweeten Less, Maximum Nutrition Inc., Toronto, Canada) 6	11
50g portion (Sweeten Less, Maximum Nutrition Inc., Toronto, Canada)	12
50g portion	20±5
50g portion	21
50g portion (Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO, USA)	24
25g portion, fed with oats 28	25
promedio de seis estudios	19±2	10	2
Glucose
50 g portion (dextrose)	85
25g portion, fed with oats 28	92
50 g portion	93
50 g portion (dextrose)	96
50 g portion	96
50 g portion (Bio-Health, Dawson Traders Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	96
50 g portion	100
50 g portion (Glucodin TM glucose tablets, Boots, North Ryde, NSW, Australia)	102±9
25 g portion (Bio-Health, Canada) 6	103
50 g portion (dextrose)	111
100 g portion (Bio-Health, Canada) 12	114
mean of 11 studies	99±3	10	10
Glucose consumed with American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.)
25 g glucose (Glucodex solution, Rougier Inc., Chambly, Quebec) with 3 g dried ginseng 5	78	10	8
25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min after 3 g dried ginseng 5	80
25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min before 3 g dried ginseng 5	76
mean in two groups of subjects	78±2	10	8
Glucose consumed with gum/fiber
46 g Glucose + 15 g apple and orange fiber extract (FITA, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)	79±3	10	6
(total carbohydrate content of drink = 50 g)
50 g Glucose + 14.5 g guar gum	62	10	6
50 g Glucose + 14.5 g oat gum (78% oat ß-glucan)	57	10	6
100 g Glucose + 20 g acacia gum 5	85	10	9
Glucose consumed with a mixed meal
30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger, 30 g cheese, 10 g butter	55
(total meal contained 50 g carbohydrate) (France)
30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger, 30 g cheese, 10 g butter	57
(total meal contained 50 g carbohydrate) (France)
mean in two groups of subjects	56±1	250	20
Honey
Locust honey (Romania) 6	32	25	7
Yellow box (46% fructose) (Australia) 6	35±4	25	6
Stringy Bark (52% fructose) (Australia) 6	44±4	25	9
Red Gum (35% fructose) (Australia) 6	46±3	25	8
Iron Bark (34% fructose) (Australia) 6	48±3	25	7
Yapunya (42 % fructose) (Australia) 6	52±5	25	9
Pure (Capilano Honey Ltd., Richlands, Qld, Australia)	58±6	25	12
Commercial Blend (38% fructose) (WA blend, Capilano Honey Ltd., Australia) 6	62±3	25	11
Salvation Jane (32% fructose) (Australia) 6	64±5	25	10
Commercial Blend (28% fructose) (NSW blend, Capilano Honey Ltd., Australia) 6	72±6	25	9
Honey, NS(Canada) 6	87±8	25	18
mean of 11 types of honey	55±5	25	10
Lactose
50 g lactose (Sigma Chemical Company, USA)	43
25 g lactose (BDH, Poole, UK) 6	48
25 g lactose 28	48
mean of three studies	46±2	10	5
50 g maltose	105±12	10	11
Sucrose
50 g sucrose (Sigma Chemical Company, USA)	58
50 g sucrose (Redpath Sugars, Toronto, Canada)	58
50 g sucrose	59±10
50 g sucrose	60
25 g sucrose (Redpath Sugars, Canada) 6	60
25 g sucrose 28	64
50 g sucrose	65±9
100 g sucrose (Redpath Sugars, Canada) 12	65
30 g sucrose 29	82
25 g sucrose 6	110±21
promedio de 10 estudios	68±5	10	7
Sugar alcohols and sugar-replacement compounds
Lactitol
25 g lactitol 30	-1±7
25 g lactitol MC (Danisco sweeteners, Redhill, Surrey, UK) 30	3±1
promedio de dos estudios	2±3	10	0
Litesse
25 g Litesse II, bulking agent with polydextrose and sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK) 30	7±2	10	1
25 g Litesse III ultra, bulking agent with polydextrose and sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK) 30	4±2	10	0
Maltitol-based sweeteners or bulking agents
25 g Malbit CR (87% maltitol) (Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium) 30	30±12	10	3
25 g Maltidex 100 (> 72% maltitol) (Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium) 30	44±11	10	4
25 g Malbit CH (99% maltitol) (Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium) 30	73±29	10	7
25 g Maltidex 200 (50% maltitol) (Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium) 30	89±28	10	9
Xylitol
25 g xylitol 30	7±7
25 g Xylitol C (Danisco Sweeteners, UK) 30	8±2
promedio de dos estudios	8±1	10	1
VEGETABLES
Broad beans (Canada) 6	79±16	80	9
Green peas
Pea, congelado, hervidas (Canada) 6	39	80	3
Pea, congelado, hervidas (Canada) 6	51±6	80	4
Pea, green (Pisum Sativum) (India) 11	54±14	80	4
mean of three studies	48±5	80	3
Pumpkin (South Africa)	75±9	80	3
Maíz dulce
Maíz dulce, 'Honey & Pearl' variety (New Zealand)	37±12	80	6
Sweet corn on the cob, hervido 20 min (Sydney, Australia)	48	80	8
Maíz dulce (Canada)	59±11	80	11
Maíz dulce, hervido (USA)	60	80	11
Maíz dulce, hervido (USA)	60	80	11
Maíz dulce (Sudáfrica)	62±5	80	11
promedio de seis estudios	54±4	80	9
Maíz dulce, grano entero, empacado, Featherweight, enlatado, drained, heated (USA)	46	80	7
Maíz dulce, congelado, heated in microwave (Green Giant, Pillsbury Canada Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	47	80	7
Root vegetables
Beetroot (Canada) 6	64±16	80	5
Carrots
Carrots, raw (Romania) 5,6	16	80	1
Carrots, pelado, hervido (Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	32±5	80	1
Carrots, pelado, hervido (Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	49±2	80	2
Carrots, NS (Canada) 6	92±20	80	5
promedio de cuatro estudios	47±16	80	3
Cassava, hervido, with salt (Kenya, Africa)	46	100	12
Parsnips (Canada) 6	97±19	80	12
PAPAS
Baked potato
Ontario, blanco, baked in skin (Canada)	60	150	18
Baked, Russet Burbank potatoes
Russet, baked without fat (Canada)	56
Russet, cocido sin grasa, 45-60 min (USA)	78
Russet, baked without fat (USA)	94
Russet, baked without fat (USA)	111
promedio de cuatro estudios	85±12	150	26
Boiled potato
Desiree, pelado, hervido 35 min (Australia)	101±15	150	17
Nardine (New Zealand)	70±17	150	18
Ontario, blanco, pelado, cut into cubes, hervido in salted water 15 min (Canada)	58	150	16
Pontiac, pelado, hervido whole for 30 min (Australia)	56	150	14
Pontiac, pelado, hervido 35 min (Australia)	88±9	150	16
Prince Edward Island, pelado, cubed, hervido in salted water 15 min (Canada)	63	150	11
Sebago, pelado, hervido 35 min (Australia)	87±7	150	14
Boiled/cooked, white/Type NS
Type NS (Kenya, Africa)	24	150	7
Blanco, cooked (Romania) 5	41	150	12
Blanco, hervidas (Canada)	54	150	15
tipo NS, hervidas (Australia)	56	150	11
tipo NS, hervido en agua salada (India)	76	150	26
mean of five studies	50±9	150	14
tipo NS, hervido en agua salada, refrigerado, recalentado (India)	23	150	8
Papas en lata
Prince Edward Island, enlatado, microwave heated (Avon, Cobi Foods Inc., Port Williams, Canada)	61	150	11
New, enlatado, heated in microwave 3 min (Mint Tiny Taters, Edgell's, Cheltenham, Vic, Australia) B23	65±9	150	12
promedio de dos estudios	63±2	150	11
PAPAS FRITAS
Papas fritas, congeladas, recalentadas en microondas (Cavendish Farms, New Annan, Canada)	75	150	22
Instant Mashed potato
Instant (France)	74±12
Instant (Canada)	80±13
Instant (Edgell's Potato Whip, Edgell's, Australia)	86
Instant (Carnation Foods Co. Ltd., Manitoba, Canada)	86
Instant (Canada)	88
Instant mashed potato (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA)	97±6
promedio de seis estudios	85±3	150	17
Mashed potato
Tipo NS (Canada)	67
Type NS (South Africa)	71±10
Tipo NS (France)	83
mean of three studies	74±5	150	15
Prince Edward Island, pelado, cubed, hervido 15 min, mashed (Canada)	73	150	13
Pontiac, pelado, cubed, hervido 15 min, mashed (Australia)	91±9	150	18
Microwaved potato		150	12
Pontiac, peeled and microwave on high for 6-7.5 min (Australia)	79±9	150	14
tipo NS, microwaved (USA)	82	150	27
New Potato
New (Canada)	47
New (Canada)	54
New (Canada)	70±8
mean of three studies	57±7	150	12
New, unpeeled and hervido 20 min (Australia)	78±12	150	16
Steamed potato
Potato, pelado, steamed 1 h (Solanum Tuberosum) (India) 11	65±11	150	18
Potato dumplings (white wheat flour, white potatoes, hervido in salted water (Italy))	52	150	24
Sweet potato
Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (Australia)	44	150	11
Sweet potato, NS (Canada)	48±6	150	16
Sweet potato, pelado, cubed, hervido in salted water 15 min (Canada)	59	150	18
Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)	77±12	150	19
Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)	78±6	150	20
mean of five studies	61±7	150	17
Swede
Swede (rutabaga) (Canada) 6	72±8	150	7
Tapioca
Tapioca hervido with milk (General Mills Canada Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)	81	250	14
Tapioca (Manihot Utilissima), steamed 1 h (India) 11	70±10	250	12
Taro
Taro (Colocasia esculenta) pelado, hervidas (Australia)	54
Taro, pelado, hervido (New Zealand)	56±12
promedio de dos estudios	55±1	150	4
Yam
Yam, pelado, hervido (New Zealand)	25±4
Yam, pelado, hervido (New Zealand)	35±5
Yam (Canada)	51±12
mean of three studies	37±8	150	13
INDIGENOUS OR TRADITIONAL FOODS OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS
AFRICAN
Brown beans (South Africa)	24±8	50 (seca)	6
Cassava, hervido, with salt (Kenya)	46	100	12
Ga kenkey, prepared from fermented cornmeal (Zea mays) (Ghana) 31	12±1	150	7
Gari, roasted cassava dough (Manihot utilissima) (Ghana) 31	56±3	100	15
Gram dhal (chana dal; South Africa)	5±3	50 (seca)	1
Maize meal porridge, unrefined, maize-meal:water = 1:3 (South Africa)	71±6	50 (seca)	25
Maize meal porridge, refined, maize-meal:water = 1:3 (South Africa)	74±7	50 (seca)	30
Maize meal porridge/gruel (Kenya)	109	50 (seca)	41
M'fino/Morogo, wild greens (South Africa)	68±8	120	34
Millet flour porridge/gruel (Kenya)	107
Unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) (Ghana) 31	40±4	120 (raw)	13
Yam (Dyscoria species) (Ghana) 31	66	150	23
ARABIC AND TURKISH
Hoummous (chickpea salad dip)	6±4	30	0
Kibbeh saynieh (made with lamb and burghul)	61±16	120	9
Lebanese bread (white, unleaved), hoummous, falafel and tabbouleh	86±12	120	39
Majadra (Syrian, lentils and rice)	24±5	250	10
Moroccan Couscous (stew of semolina, chickpeas, vegetables)	58±9	250	17
Stuffed Grapevine Leaves (rice and lamb stuffing with tomato sauce)	30±11	100	5
Tarhana soup (wheat flour, yogurt, tomate, green pepper)	20
Pan turco, harina blanca de trigo	87	30	15
Pan turco, harina integral	49	30	8
Turkish noodle soup	1	250	0
ASIAN
Broken rice, blanco, cooked in rice cooker (Lion foods, Bangkok, Thailand)	86±10	150	37
Butter rice, warm white rice and butter (Japan)	79	150	40
Curry rice (Japan)	67	150	41
Curry rice with cheese (Japan)	55	150	27
Glutinous rice, blanco, cooked in rice cooker (Bangsue Chia Meng Rice Co., Bangkok, Thailand)	98±7	150	31
Glutinous rice NS (Esubi Shokuhin, Japan)	86	150	55
Promedio de dos estudios	92±6	150	44
Glutinous rice ball with cut glutinous cake (mochi) (Japan)	48	75	14
Glutinous rice cake with dried sea algae (Japan)	83	75	32
Glutaminous rice flour, instant, served warm with roasted ground soybean (Japan)	65	100	27
Jasmine rice, blanco, cooked in rice cooker (Golden World Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)	109±10	150	46
Low-protein white rice with dried sea algae (Japan)	70	150	42
Lungkow beanthread (National Cereals, Oils & Foodstuffs, Qingdao & Guangdong, China)	26	180	12
Lychee, canned in syrup, drained (Narcissus brand, China)	79±8	120	16
Mung bean noodles, secas, hervido (China)	39±9	180	18
Non-glutaminous rice flour, served warm with drink (Yamato Nousan, Japan)	68	100	34
Rice cracker, plain (Sakada, Japan)	91	30	23
Rice gruel with dried algae (Satou Co Ltd., Japan)	81	250	15
Rice noodles, secas, hervido (Thai World, Bangkok, Thailand)	61±6	180	23
Rice noodles, fresh, hervido (Sydney, NSW, Australia)	40±4	180	15
Rice vermicelli, Kongmoon (National Cereals, China)	58	180	22
Roasted rice ball (Satou Co Ltd., Japan)	77	75	21
Salted rice ball (Satou Co Ltd., Japan)	80	75	20
Soba noodles, instant, reheated in hot water, served with soup (Japan)	46	180	22
Stirfried vegetables, chicken and rice, caseros (Australia)	73±17	360	55
Sushi, salmon ('I Love Sushi' chain store, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	48±8	100	17
Sushi, roasted sea algae, vinegar and rice (Japan)	55	100	20
Promedio de dos estudios	52±4	100	19
Udon noodles, fresh, reheated (Fantastic, Windsor Gardens, SA, Australia) 6	62±8	180	30
Udon noodles, instant, with sauce and fried bean curd (Nishin Shokuhin, Japan)	48	180	23
Promedio de dos estudios	55±7	180	26
White rice, dried sea algae and milk, eaten together (Japan)	57
White rice, dried sea algae and milk (milk eaten before rice) (Japan)	56
White rice, dried sea algae and milk (milk eaten after rice) (Japan)	55
Mean of three types	56±1	300	26
White rice with dried fish strip (okaka) (Japan)	79	150	40
White rice with fermented soybean (natto) (Japan)	56	150	24
White rice with instant miso soup (soybean paste soup) (Japan)	61	150	29
White rice with low-fat milk (Japan)	69	300	32
White rice and non-sugar yoghurt (yoghurt eaten before rice) (Japan)	59
White rice and non-sugar yoghurt eaten together (Japan)	58
Mean of two types	59±1	150	19
White rice with pickled vinegar and cucumber (pickled food eaten before rice) (Japan)	63
White rice with pickled vinegar and cucumber (pickled food eaten with rice) (Japan)	61
Mean of two types	62±1	150	27
White rice topped with raw egg and soy sauce (Japan)	72	150	26
White rice with roasted ground soybean (Japan)	56	150	29
White rice with salted dried plum (umeboshi) (Japan)	80	150	39
White rice with sea algae rolled in sheet of toasted sea algae (Japan)	77	150	39
ASIAN INDIAN
Amaranth, Amaranthus esculentum, popped, eaten with milk and	97±19	30	18
non-nutritive sweetener
Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum),eaten as roasted bread made from bajra flour	55±13
Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum)	49
Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum)	67
Mean of three studies	57±5	75 (dry)	29
Banana, (Musa sapientum), Nendra variety, unripe, steamed 1 h 11	70±11	120	31
Barley (Hordeum vulgare)	48
Barley (Hordeum vulgare)	37
Mean in two groups of subjects	43±6	150	16
Bengal gram dhal, chickpea (chana dal)	11	150	4
Black gram, (Phaseolus mungo), soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h 11	43±10	150	8
Chapatti
Chapatti, amaranth-wheat (25:75) composite flour, served with bottle gourd and tomato curry	66±10	60	20
Chapatti, amaranth-wheat (50:50) composite flour, served with bottle gourd and tomato curry	76±20	60	23
Chapatti, baisen	27
Chapatti, bajra	67
Chapatti, bajra	49
Mean in two groups of subjects	58±9
Chapatti, barley	37
Chapatti, barley	48
Mean in two groups of subjects	42±5
Chapatti, maize, (Zea mays)	64
Chapatti, maize, (Zea mays)	59
Mean in two groups of subjects	62±3
Chapatti, wheat, served with bottle gourd and tomato curry	66±9	60	21
Chapatti, flour from malted wheat, moth bean (Phaseolus aconitifolius) and	66±9	60	25
bengal gram (Cicer arietinum)
Chapatti, flour made from popped wheat, moth bean and bengal gram	40±8	60	14
Chapatti, flour from roller dried wheat, moth bean and bengal gram	60±9	60	23
Chapatti, wheat flour, thin, with green gram (Phaseolus aureus) dhal	81±4	200	41
Chapatti, wheat flour, thin, with green gram (Phaseolus aureus) dhal	44±3	200	22
Mean in two groups of subjects	63±19	200	32
Cheela (thin savoury pancake made from legume flour batter)
Cheela, bengal gram (Cicer arietinum)	42±1	150	12
Cheela, bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), fermented batter	36±1	150	10
Cheela, green gram (Phaseolus aureus)	45±1	150	12
Cheela, green gram (Phaseolus aureus), fermented batter	38±1	150	10
Dhokla, leavened, fermented, steamed cake; dehusked chickpea and wheat semolina	35±4
Dhokla, leavened, fermented, steamed cake; dehusked chickpea and wheat semolina	31±6
Mean in two groups of subjects	33±2	100	6
Dosai (parboiled and raw rice, soaked, ground, fermented and fried) with chutney	77±3	150	30
Dosai (parboiled and raw rice, soaked, ground, fermented and fried) with chutney	55±2	150	22
Mean in two groups of subjects	66±11	150	26
Green gram, (Phaseolus aureus), soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h 11	38±14	150	6
Green gram, whole with varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked	57±6	80 (dry)	29
Green gram dhal with varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked	78±12	78 (dry)	39
Horse gram, (Dolichos biflorus) soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h 11	51±11	150	15
Idli (parboiled and raw rice + black dhal, soaked, ground, fermented, steamed) with chutney	77±2	250	40
Idli (parboiled and raw rice + black dhal, soaked, ground, fermented, steamed) with chutney	60±2	250	31
Mean in two groups of subjects	69±9	250	36
Jowar, roasted bread made from Jowar flour (Sorghum vulgare)	77±8	70 (dry)	39
Laddu (popped amaranth, foxtail millet, roasted legume powder, fenugreek seeds)	24±4
in hot sweet syrup
Laddu (popped amaranth, foxtail millet, roasted legume powder, fenugreek seeds)	29±4
in hot sweet syrup
Mean in two groups of subjects	27±3	50	8
Lentil and cauliflower curry with rice (Australia)	60±10	360	31
Millet/Ragi, (Eleucine coracana), dehusked, soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h 11	68±10	150	23
Millet/Ragi (Eleucine coracana) 11	84	70 (dry)	42
Millet/Ragi (Eleucine coracana) flour eaten as roasted bread	104±13	70 (dry)	52
promedio de dos estudios	94±10
Pongal (rice and roasted green gram dhal, pressure cooked)	90±3
Pongal (rice and roasted green gram dhal, pressure cooked)	45±2
Mean in two groups of subjects	68±23	250	35
Poori (deep-fried wheat flour dough) with potato palya (mashed potato)	82±2
Poori (deep-fried wheat flour dough) with potato palya (mashed potato)	57±1
Mean in two groups of subjects	70±13	150	28
Rajmah, Phaseolus vulgaris	19	150	6
Arroz, (Oryza Sativa) hervido served with bottle gourd and tomato curry	69±15	150	26
Semolina
Semolina (Triticum aestivum), steamed	55±9	67 (dry)	28
Semolina (Triticum aestivum), pre-roasted	76±6	67 (dry)	38
Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented black gram dhal (Phaseolus mungo)	46±12	71 (dry)	23
Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented green gram dhal (Phaseolus aureus)	62±20	71 (dry)	31
Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented bengal gram dhal (Cicer arietum)	54±7	71 (dry)	27
Tapioca (Manihot utilissima), steamed 1h 11	70±10	250	12
Varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked 15lb 12-15 min	68±8	76 (dry)	34
Upittu (roasted semolina and onions, cooked in water)	67±3
Upittu (roasted semolina and onions, cooked in water)	69±4
Mean in two groups of subjects	68±1	150	28
Uppuma kedgeree (millet, legumes, fenugreek seeds; roasted and cooked in water)	18±3
Uppuma kedgeree (millet, legumes, fenugreek seeds; roasted and cooked in water)	19±3
Mean in two groups of subjects	18±1	150	6
AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL
Acacia aneura, mulga seed, roasted, wet ground to paste 6	8	50	1
Acacia coriacea, desert oak,seed bread 6	46	75	11
Araucaria bidwillii, bunya tree nut, baked 10 min 6	47	50	7
Bush honey, sugar bag 6	43	30	11
Castanospermum australe, blackbean seed, sliced, soaked 1 wk, pounded and baked 6	8	50	1
Dioscorea bulbifera, cheeky yam, pelado, sliced, soaked 2 d, baked 15 min 6	34	150	12
Macrozamia communis, cycad palm seed, sliced, soaked 1 wk, pounded, baked 6	40±2	50	10
PACIFIC ISLANDERS
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) (Australia) 6	68	120	18
Banana/plantain, green
Green banana, hervido (New Zealand)	38±10	120	8
Sweet Potato
Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (Australia)	44	150	11
Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)	77±12	150	19
Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)	78±6	150	20
mean of three studies	66±11	150	17
Taro
Taro (Colocasia esculenta) pelado, hervidas (Australia)	54
Taro, pelado, hervido (New Zealand)	56±12
promedio de dos estudios	55±1	150	4
Yam
Yam, pelado, hervido (New Zealand)	25±4
Yam, pelado, hervido (New Zealand)	35±5
mean of two groups of subjects	30±5	150	13
ISRAELI
Melawach (dough made from white wheat flour and butter, fried)	61±10
Melawach	71±7
promedio de dos estudios	66±5	115	35
Melawach + 15 g locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua) fiber (soluble)	31±6	130	16
Melawach + 15 g maize cob fiber (insoluble)	59±10	130	31
Melawach + 15 g lupin (Lupinus albus) fiber	72±10	130	38
PIMA INDIAN
Acorns, stewed with venison (Quercus emoryi) 6	16±1	100	1
Cactus jam (Stenocereus thurberi)	91	30	18
Corn hominy (Zea mays) 6	40±5	150	12
Fruit Leather (Stenocereus thurberi)	70	30	17
Lima beans broth (Phaseolus lunatus) 6	36±3	250	12
Mesquite cakes (Prosopis velutina) 6	25±3	60	1
Tortilla (Zea mays and Olneya tesota)	38	60	9
White teparies broth (Phaseolus acutifolius) 6	31±3	250	10
Yellow teparies broth (Phaseolus acutifolius) 6	29±3	250	8
LATINOAMERICA
Arepa, corn bread cake, made with corn flour (Mexico)	72	100	31
Arepa, made from ordinary dehulled dent corn flour (25% amylose) 9, 34	81	100	35
Arepa, made from dehulled high-amylose (70%) corn flour 9, 34	44	100	11
Black Beans	30	150	7
Brown Beans	38	150	9
Corn tortilla (Mexican)	52	50	12
Corn tortilla, served with refried mashed pinto beans and tomato sauce (Mexican)	39	100	9
Corn tortilla, fried, with mashed potato, fresh tomato and lettuce (Mexican)	78	100	11
Nopal (prickly pear cactus)	7	100	0
Pinto beans, hervido en agua salada	14	150	4
Tortilla de trigo (Mexicano)	30	50	8
Wheat tortilla served with refried pinto beans and tomato sauce (Mexican)	28	100	5